摘要
我國現行民法第1057條規定從民國20年施行迄今從未變過，雖然曾有過修正草案，但最後仍是維持原本的法條內容。這讓人不免懷疑贍養費的條文在目前實務上的適用狀況，還有條文的內容對於現今社會是否仍然適用。因此，本研究希望能通過研究贍養費相關的判決，使用實證研究方法找出民法第1057條在判決實務上的適用狀況，進而整理和分析近幾年贍養費判決的趨勢。 對於如何分析目前條文的是用狀況和條文內容是否仍適用於現今社會，本文將分為三個研究議題進行，分別為法院、贍養權利人和贍養費金額酌定。本研究接下來將就民法第1057條在近年判決中運行的實務狀況來進行分析，希望能找出目前法院對於贍養費請求之審酌是否有改變 在研究範圍的部分，本文以全台灣各地共23個地方法院和高雄少年及家事法院之離婚贍養費判決，並以符合或是準用民法第1057條之判決為研究對象進行分析，判決期間從民國98年至107年之間，共計95件贍養費判決。閱讀判決內文後對判決內容進行編碼，進行描述統計和卡方檢定，將資料進行視覺化呈現。期待能使用實證研究方法找出學者見解和判決實務間是否有差異，進而回顧整篇論文，進行歸納整理和檢討分析。 民法第1057條的三個問題分別為：在條文中對僅有判決離婚可請求之限制、僅無過失之當事人才可以請求贍養費的限制和條文中「陷於生活困難」的因素認定過於模糊。從卡方檢定中可以發現，「贍養權利人的健康狀況與贍養准駁」和「贍養權利人的就業能力與贍養准駁」皆有達到顯著性。但法條完全沒有例示出可供審酌的因素，將讓不同個案的審酌流於法官之自由心證，難免有不公平之虞。 近年贍養費判決在實務上的適用和判決趨勢，從研究中可以發現目前贍養費判決之勝率偏低，且贍養權利人以女性占了多數。在贍養費請求駁回原因中最多的是因贍養權利人未陷於生活困難。對於民法第1057條是否仍適用在現今社會，需要注意條文限制過於嚴苛和易流於法官自由心證。
並列摘要
The content of Article 1057 of the Civil Code in Taiwan has not been changed since 1931. Although there have been proposals for amendments, in the end, the original content of the law is maintained. This raises doubts about how the current content of the law is applied to practice, and if the content of the article still applicable to today's society. Therefore, the author hopes that through empirical analysis on alimony-related judgments, it is possible to find out the application of Article 1057 of the Civil Code in Taiwan in reality and depict the trend of alimony in recent years. This article will be divided into three research topics, i.e. the court, the alimony requester, and the amount of alimony. This study will analyze the litigations based on Article 1057 of the Civil Code to find out whether the court's consideration of the alimony has changed. The research subjects will be limited to the judgments that comply with or mutatis mutandis in Article 1057 of the Civil Code in Taiwan, not including the alimony established by agreement between spouses. Regading the research data, this article colletcts 95 alimony judgments in all district courts and the juvenile and family court in Kaohsiung from 2009 to 2018. Afterward, the judgments will be read and encoded. The finishing code will be performed descriptive statistics and Chi-square test, and be presented visualized. Using empirical methods is expected to find out the difference between scholars' opinions and judgments in practice. The three frequently criticis on Article 1057 are as follows. First, this Article allows only parties in juridical divorce to request alimony. Secondly, alimony can only be claimed by the no-fault party. Thirdly, the condition that “the plaintiff has difficulties in living due to the juridical divorce” stated in the provision is too vague. It can be found from the chi-square test that both “the requesters' health condition” and “the requesters' capability for work” and the result of alimony payment have reached significance. However, Article 1057 does not provide factors for reference at all, which leads to uncertainty for the parties. Regarding the trend of the alimony judgments, it is found that the plaintiff of alimony case has a lower rate to win than the general civil litigations, and the plaintiffs are mostly women. The most reason for the rejection of the alimony request is that the plaintiff has not fallen into difficulties due to the juridical divorce.