鋼貿企業的信貸融資成本管理

在市場經濟條件下，企業的融資一般通過直接或者間接融資。對於大多數企業來說，通過銀行貸款間接融資是其獲得資金最為重要的手段。但由於企業自身存在的不足和我國金融體制存在的問題，企業在間接融資市場上進行融資也不樂觀，鋼貿企業也是其中一員。儘管2013年7月份以來，鋼材市場價格上漲，鋼廠扭虧為盈，但鋼貿企業並沒有分享到鋼價上漲帶來的利益，資金緊缺問題仍舊困擾著鋼貿企業。鋼貿行業普遍存在融資難、成本高、風險大的問題。由於一些鋼貿企業重複質押騙取銀行貸款，再有個別鋼貿商在擔保、連保中發生資金鏈斷裂“跑路”事件，迫使銀行收緊對鋼貿行業的融資貸款，目前基本暫停鋼材質押等貸款業務，鋼貿商的融資貸款難度更大。即便有的銀行對信用好的鋼貿企業進行授信，鋼貿企業也需要付出很高的利息，有的利息甚至超出了鋼貿企業的利潤，鋼貿企業的利潤空間嚴重壓縮，難以為繼。本文主要以鋼鐵貿易行業為研究背景，通過分析鋼鐵貿易生存狀況、鋼鐵貿易行業面臨的融資方式及融資困境等方面並通過簡析上海某個鋼貿集團行業的融資情況來探究鋼鐵貿易行業如何對日益增長的信貸融資成本進行合理管理，以求鋼貿企業融資的資金效用最大化。

關鍵字

鋼貿企業；銀行信貸；融資成本；財務管理

並列摘要

Under the condition of market economy, the financing of enterprises generally relies on direct or indirect financing. For most enterprises, indirect financing through bank loans is the most important means of access to capital. But because of the existence of its own shortcomings and our financial system problems, in the indirect financing market enterprises financing is not optimistic. The steel trade enterprises financing was one of them. Although since July 2013, the steel market prices rise, steel mills become profitable, but the steel trading enterprises do not share the benefits of rising steel prices. Shortage of funds is still plagued by the steel trade enterprises. Steel trade and industry faces widespread financing difficulty of high cost and high risk. Because the steel trade enterprises repeated pledge for bank loans, the fund chain break "run away" event forces banks to tighten the steel trade financing. Now banks suspend steel pledge loans, resulting in more serious financing difficulty of steel trade. Even if the bank maintains the credit to those steel trade enterprises with good business records, the steel trade enterprises also need to pay high interest rates, some even beyond their profit ratios. Therefore, steel trade enterprises’ profit space seriously squeezed. This paper mainly focuses on iron and steel trade industry as the research target. Through the analysis of trade status, iron and steel trade industry financing and financing difficulties, and through the financing of a Shanghai steel trade group to explore how the steel trade industry undertakes efficient management of the growing financing cost to maximize the utility of fund financing.