論聚眾施強暴脅迫罪

On the Offense of Gathering in Public to Use Force or Threats

曾紀雅(Chi-Ya Tseng)

指導教授 ： 薛智仁

國立臺灣大學/法律學院/法律學系/碩士(2024年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202400566

摘要

為避免群眾心理所生之失控風險，聚眾施強暴脅迫罪具其獨立可罰性，而本罪於2020年初修法後逐漸受到重視，應如何解釋及適用亦隨之產生爭議，故本文分別自本罪之保護法益、構成要件及加重條款加以討論，以確立本罪之處罰範圍。
首先，本文認為本罪應以公共安全作為保護對象，是否侵害公共安全則以有無危及不特定多數人之個人法益總合作為判斷標準。其次，本文認為本罪為抽象危險犯，然應納入適性要素之考量以合規範目的性限縮解釋構成要件，以強暴脅迫行為為例，應自該行為之方式、手段及對象各方面加以限縮適用範圍。接著，本文認為本罪加重條款雖為相對加重事由，然仍具有構成要件之性質，故應以加重事由對於法益侵害危險提高程度作為判斷是否適用加重條款之因素，此外，各款加重事由應與強暴脅迫行為具有直接關聯性始有適用可能。最後，本文根據上述討論，就本罪之條文內容提出幾點修法建議，以使本罪於適用上愈臻明確。

關鍵字

刑法第150條 ； 群眾心理 ； 適性犯 ； 公共安全 ； 相對加重事由

並列摘要

To prevent the risk of losing control of crowd psychology, the offense of gathering in public to use force or threats has its independent punishability. After the amendment in early 2020, the offense has gradually received attention, and thus, how it should be interpreted and applied has also become controversial. Therefore, to establish its scope of punishment, this thesis focuses on discussions of the legal interest, the constituent elements, and the aggravating factors of the offense.
Firstly, this thesis claims that the offense protects public safety, and whether it is infringed or not should be assessed by whether the illegal act endangers the personal legal interests of an unspecified number of people. Secondly, this thesis believes that the offense is an abstract dangerous crime; however, to comply with the restricted explanation purposely, the elements of adequateness should be taken into consideration. For example, it is necessary to restrict the illegal act of using force or threats in its scope of application in terms of the way, the means, and the target. Thirdly, this thesis argues that though the aggravating factor of the offense is discretionary, it still should be considered as the constituent element; thereby, to what degree that the aggravating factors raise the danger of the legal interest should be assessed to determine whether the higher statutory sentence is applicable; furthermore, the aggravating factors should be directly correlated with the act of using force or threats. Finally, based on the above discussion, this thesis proposes some suggestions for amending the provisions of Art. 150, to make the application of the offense with more certainty.

並列關鍵字

Article 150 of Criminal Code ； crowd psychology ； Eignungsdelikt ； public safety ； discretionary aggravating factor

參考文獻

一、中文部分

（一）專書

Dan Gardner（著），李靜怡、黃慧慧（譯）（2009），《販賣恐懼：脫軌的風險判斷》，初版，博雅書房。

Gustave Le Bon（著），吳松林（譯）（2016），《烏合之眾：大眾心理研究》，華志文化。

王皇玉（2022），《刑法總則》，8版，新學林。