- 學位論文
整合土地適宜性分析及生態系統服務評估 於太陽光電板建置之影響
Integrating land suitability analysis and ecosystem service assessment for the impact evaluation of solar photovoltaic panel installation
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摘要
近年來，全球對於氣候變遷和環境保護議題的關注逐漸增加，使得能源轉型與減少碳排放成為各國政府的首要目標之一。臺灣，作為一個高度工業化的地區，也積極參與這項轉變，除了積極推動能源結構轉型逐步減少對化石燃料的依賴，並致力於在2050年實現淨零碳排的目標。其中，太陽光電板作為清潔能源的主要來源，將在能源供應體系中扮演著重要的角色。然而，能源轉型的過程也伴隨著能源基礎設施的調整，可能對土地利用模式產生深遠的影響，進而對生態系統服務造成改變。因此，本研究的目的在於探討建置太陽光電板對生態系統服務的潛在影響。透過土地適宜性分析和生態系統服務評估，提供未來建置太陽能光電板的參考和規劃。本研究的評估方法包含兩階段，即「土地適宜性分析」和「生態系統服務模型評估」。在第一階段，納入了12項分析因子，並賦予相應的權重。接著，透過地理資訊系統（ArcGIS）進行土地適宜性分析，以選出最適合建置太陽光電板的區域作為研究範圍。在第二階段設定了四種不同的土地利用情境，並利用InVEST 生態系統服務評估工具進行評估，包括了「碳儲存」、「授粉」、「棲息地品質」以及「沉積物傳輸」四項生態系統服務。土地適宜性分析的結果顯示，在臺南37個行政區域中，白河區和楠西區由於位處山坡地，被視為最不適合建置光電板的區域；另外，有11個行政區被列為適宜建置太陽光電板的區域，最終確定七股區和將軍區為本研究的主要研究區域。生態系統服務評估的結果顯示，在太陽光電板下的土地利用轉變為原生草種時，為所有四種服務中表現較佳；然而，轉變為漁塭時，各模組與其他情境相比呈現較差結果，顯示在轉用漁塭情境下生態系統服務的損失較為明顯。最後，生態系統服務貨幣化的結果顯示，在四種生態系統服務中，原生草種的服務價值最高，其碳儲存、授粉、棲息地品質和沉積物傳輸的生態系統服務貨幣價值分別為1,705,377,780元、12,345,379,040元、201,667,803元、152,396,769元。本研究深入探討了能源轉型對土地利用和生態系統服務的影響。研究結果為未來太陽能光電板的建置和規劃提供了重要的參考，同時強調在能源轉型過程中平衡能源需求和環境保護的重要性。
並列摘要
In recent years, global attention to climate change and environmental conservation issues has gradually increased, leading to energy transition and carbon emission reduction becoming one of the top priorities for governments worldwide. Taiwan, as a highly industrialized region, actively participates in this transition. In addition to promoting energy structural transformation and gradually reducing reliance on fossil fuels, Taiwan is committed to achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Among various clean energy sources, solar photovoltaic panels are expected to play a crucial role in the energy supply system.However, the process of energy transition is inevitably accompanied by adjustments to energy infrastructure, potentially causing profound impacts on land-use patterns and subsequently altering ecosystem services. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the potential effects of installing solar photovoltaic panels on ecosystem services. Through land suitability analysis and ecosystem service assessment, the study aims to provide references and planning insights for future solar energy panel installations.The evaluation methodology of this study consists of two stages: "Land Suitability Analysis" and "Ecosystem Service Model Assessment." In the first stage, twelve analysis factors were considered, each assigned appropriate weights. Subsequently, using Geographic Information System (GIS), land suitability analysis was conducted to identify the most suitable regions for solar panel installation as the study area. In the second stage, four different land-use scenarios were defined, and the InVEST ecosystem service assessment tool was employed to evaluate four ecosystem services: "Carbon Storage," "Pollination," "Habitat Quality," and "Sediment Transport." The results of the land suitability analysis indicated that, among the 37 administrative regions in Tainan, Baihe District and Nansi District were deemed unsuitable due to their hilly terrain. Eleven administrative regions were identified as suitable for solar photovoltaic panel installation, with Qigu District and Jiangjun District ultimately selected as the main research areas.The results of the ecosystem service assessment showed that under the land-use transformation to native grass species beneath solar panels, all four services performed better. However, when the land-use transformation led to fishponds, the services exhibited poorer results compared to other scenarios, highlighting more pronounced losses in ecosystem services under the fishpond scenario. Finally, the monetized results of ecosystem services demonstrated that native grass species had the highest service value, with ecosystem service values for carbon storage, pollination, habitat quality, and sediment transport being 1,705,377,780 USD, 12,345,379,040 USD, 201,667,803 USD, and 152,396,769 USD, respectively.In conclusion, this study delves into the impacts of energy transition on land use and ecosystem services. The findings provide essential references for the future installation and planning of solar photovoltaic panels, emphasizing the importance of balancing energy needs and environmental conservation in the process of energy transition.
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