從山地到平地：「屏東縣隘寮山胞墾區」之遷徙歷程、調適與原民性轉變

本研究不僅關注屏東縣隘寮山胞墾區的家戶遷徙、調適與原住民性的變遷，更進一步探討不同統治政權如何通過政策與權力機制「再承繼」及「再深化」殖民統治。本研究指出，臺灣即使進入民主化世代，統治者在原住民政策中的思維與實踐依然未解殖（decolonizing），導致「原住民性」（indigeneity）的持續弱化，並限制文化延續的可能性。本研究在第一部分聚焦於1930年代日本治臺時期，探討排灣族與魯凱族Raval、Vuculj、魯凱三個聚落群在墾殖開發中的治理機制，運用歷史檔案資料及耆老口述歷史指出統治者通過法令、政策與教化設施削弱原住民性的策略。研究進一步分析，因統治者對各部落的治理目標的差異，這些機制雖具延續性，但在實踐中卻因部落間的親屬關係、支配關係而呈現差異。第二部分檢視國民黨統治者遷台初期至1960年代，對排灣族排灣族與魯凱族Raval、Vuculj、魯凱三個聚落群執行的墾殖政策，特別是在「屏東縣隘寮山胞墾區」實施山地平地化過程中，對聚落親屬關係、傳統規範制度與部落倫理的深遠影響，並強調將族人遷離原居地到平地的措施如何加劇世代創傷與原住民性的弱化。即使面對困境，外部組織臺灣基督教福利會如何與隘寮山胞墾區族人合作？並以文化規範及原住民知識系統來回應，以及由下而上的開展族群與部落之間的文化復振運動。最後，本研究反思這些歷史如何為當代政策設計提供啟示，主張通過將原住民知識與文化認同納入主流政策，實現真正的解殖（decolonization），以促進原住民文化與社會的可持續發展。

關鍵字

原民性；排灣族；魯凱族；原住民知識；移住政策

並列摘要

This study not only focuses on household migration, adaptation, and the transformation of indigeneity in the I-Liao Indigenous Cultivation Area of Pingtung County but also further explores how different ruling regimes have "re-inherited" and "deepened" colonial rule through policies and power mechanisms. The research argues that despite Taiwan’s transition into a democratic era, the governance mindset and practices in Indigenous policies remain undetached from colonial frameworks, leading to the continued weakening of indigeneity and limiting the possibilities for cultural continuity. The first part of this study examines governance mechanisms in the 1930s during Japanese colonial rule, focusing on the Paiwan and Rukai settlements of Raval, Vuculj, and the Rukai settlement group within the context of land cultivation and development. By utilizing historical archival materials and oral histories from elders, the study highlights the colonial rulers' strategies of weakening Indigenous identity through legal regulations, policies, and assimilation-oriented institutions. Further analysis reveals that while these governance mechanisms demonstrated continuity, their practical implementation varied due to differences in kinship ties and power relations among the settlements. The second part investigates the land cultivation policies imposed by the Kuomintang (KMT) government from its early rule in Taiwan to the 1960s, particularly their impact on the Paiwan and Rukai settlements within the I-Liao Indigenous Cultivation Area. It explores the far-reaching effects of the state-led “mountain-to-plains” relocation policy on kinship structures, traditional normative systems, and tribal ethics. The study underscores how the forced displacement of Indigenous peoples from their ancestral lands to lowland areas exacerbated intergenerational trauma and further weakened indigeneity. Amid these challenges, the research examines how external organizations, such as the Taiwan Christian Welfare Association, collaborated with the Indigenous residents of the I-Liao Indigenous Cultivation Area, responding with cultural norms and Indigenous knowledge systems. Additionally, it highlights the emergence of grassroots cultural revitalization movements that sought to reconnect Indigenous groups and tribal communities. Finally, this study reflects on how these historical experiences can inform contemporary policy design. It advocates for the inclusion of Indigenous knowledge and cultural identity within mainstream policies to achieve genuine decolonization and promote the sustainable development of Indigenous cultures and societies.