- 學位論文
反應去抑制性和人際脆弱性對於具邊緣性人格特徵之個體的衝動行為有影響嗎?
Do Response Disinhibition and Interpersonal Vulnerability Contribute to Impulsive Behaviors in Individuals with Borderline Personality Features?
摘要
具邊緣性人格症狀的個體在經歷真實或想像的人際威脅時往往展現出衝動行為，而在目前的理論模型中，反應的去抑制化被視為造成衝動行為的機制之一。本研究中假設人際事件的強烈情感反應性會造成反應抑制控制力的下降，根據目前理論，這即是造成衝動行為的因素。 為了檢驗此假設，我們利用改良式的訊號停止作業來測量個體在不同情緒狀態的反應抑制能力。本研究中，我們利用呈現中性詞、低人際相關負向詞和高人際相關負向詞的方式來誘發情緒。在實驗一，為了得到有效的實驗刺激材料，受測者評估字詞在價性、激動程度和人際關聯性的程度。結果顯示，具有較高人際關聯性的字詞，同時也帶有較高的負向性和情緒激發性。 在研究二中，我們利用訊號停止嘗試出現前呈現字詞的方式設計出情緒訊號停止作業。在此作業中，利用不同參數所估計出的訊號停止反應時間作為評估反應抑制的指標。結果顯示，和引發中性情緒的情境相比，高人際相關負向情境下的訊號停止反應時間明顯較長。此結果反映出當個體在高人際相關的負向情緒下，其反應抑制控制力會下降。然而，本研究未發現邊緣性人格特質和不同情緒狀態下的反應抑制力的相關性，此外，本研究亦未發現訊號停止反應時間和個體自我回報的衝動性的相關性。連同其他研究者發表的最新文獻，此結果或許暗示反應抑制對於非臨床樣本邊緣性特徵中的衝動性實無明顯的解釋力，且反應去抑制化的構念可能僅揭顯出衝動性的單一層面，其實衝動性在本質上可能同時涉及更多向度的概念。 另一方面，本研究亦將邊緣性人格問卷中文化，研究顯示中文版的邊緣性人格問卷中文化具良好內部一致性，此外，此問卷和精神症狀、衝動特質、分離－個體化測量工具間亦有明顯的相關性。研究結果除了支持中文版的邊緣性人格問卷具良好的構念效度外，亦指出具邊緣性人格特徵的非臨床樣本之中，亦可能顯現複雜的精神症狀、未解決之發展議題和行為失調之現象。
並列摘要
Individuals with borderline symptoms often display impulsive behaviors when encountering a real or imagined interpersonal threat. In current model, response disinhibition has been proposed as the mechanism underlying impulsive behaviors. In this study, it is hypothesized that strong emotional reactivity toward interpersonal events may cause decreased inhibitory control over responses in the individuals with borderline personality features and then contribute to the occurrence of impulsive acts. To test the hypothesis, a modified stop-signal task was utilized to measure the capacity of response inhibition in different emotional states, which were induced by presentation of neutral words and words with high /low interpersonal relatedness. In study I, the characteristics of the words serving to emotion induction were rated in terms of valence, arousal and interpersonal relatedness. The results indicated that the words with higher interpersonal relatedness would induce greater negativity and higher level of arousal. In the study II, an emotional stop signal task was designed by presenting the selected words before each trial as means of mood induction. In this task, stop signal reaction time (SSRT) was estimated and served as the index of response inhibition. The results showed that, as compared with the neutral emotional state, SSRT was significantly longer in the negative emotion with high interpersonal relatedness. This result reflected the phenomenon that response inhibitory control would decrease in negative emotion with high interpersonal relatedness. However, association between borderline personality features and response inhibitory control in both neutral and emotional state was not found in this study. Association between SSRT and self-report impulsivity also failed to replicate. Along with other newly published literature, the result might suggest that response disinhibition had little to do with impulsiveness observed in non-clinical sample with borderline personality features and only reflects certain facet of impulsivity, which is essentially multi-dimensional construct by nature. On the other hand, the instrument serving to measure borderline personality was also translated and validated in this study. Chinese version Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI) presented fair internal reliability. Association between BPI and instruments measuring psychiatric symptoms, impulsivity and separation- individuation were also found in this study. These findings not only supported the construct validity of BPI, but also suggest that complicated symptomatic configurations, unsolved developmental and behavioral dysregulation might be also complicated with non-clinical sample with borderline personality features.