刑事審判的心靈根源──以希臘悲劇《奧瑞斯泰亞》為例

本文以人類心靈的活動為主要關注面相。以用雅典法庭的誕生為題材的古希臘悲劇《奧瑞斯泰亞》需要的分析背景為經，以與理性相關的情感考察為緯，對審判的心靈基礎進行分析。本文透過對啟蒙的批判觀點對理性／非理性的歷史進行耙梳與刑事法學的情感分析接壤，接著從母權制的脈絡建構古希臘自氏族社會轉換到父系社會的制度發展，並結合希臘神話和希臘悲劇提供分析《奧瑞斯泰亞》所需的知識背景。在文本分析的部份，本文透過神話分析結合榮格心理學，作為解釋象徵和人類心理需求的理論基礎，並透過神話學對原初神話的發現和榮格的原型概念提供對現代社會的解釋力。本文的結論是，《奧瑞斯泰亞》中對復仇女神的招降有三層意義：在表層的意義即是父系文明的一大勝利，父系的年輕天神利用人間的倫常悲劇，樹立的以父親為中心的家族秩序，脫離氏族舊有的私人、家族、宗教的部落裁判，建立以語言、個人和形式正義為原則的法庭；其次是復仇女神作為恐懼的象徵被理性吸納和馴服的過程，最後則是母性的死亡與重生。在此之中審判不只是權力鬥爭的核心，也帶來了和解與救贖的可能，其對象包含人與人、理性與非理性、陽剛與陰柔、個體與自然的對立。《奧瑞斯泰亞》最大的悲劇性在於父系文明面對自身為了脫離「母親」而做出的撕裂和征服的掩飾和逃避，而這樣的心靈處境一直延續至今，如今以西方文明為中心擴散的現代社會，以及作為啟蒙果實的現代法學仍深陷於男性觀點的焦慮而不自知。最後，本文繼續《奧瑞斯泰亞》的未竟之業，透過與日本神話的對話和更多的神話資料，提出對現象的不同理解、對制度的不同想像和個人的行動倫理。

關鍵字

非理性；復仇女神；刑事審判；希臘悲劇；母權；神話；榮格

並列摘要

This article focuses on the activities of the human mind. Oresteia is an ancient Greek tragedy based on the appearance of the Athens court. This article analyzes the spiritual foundation of the trial by analyzing the knowledge background required by Oresteia and the investigation of rational emotions. This article analyzes the irrational history and the history of the evolution of the rule of law system in Greece using the perspective of matriarchy and the great mother.In the theatrical analysis, this article combines mythology and analytical psychology as a theoretical basis for symbolic interpretation and human psychological needs, then provides an explanatory power for modern society through the discovery of the primordial myth and Jung’s archetype . The conclusion of this article is that the surrender of the Erinyes in Oresteia has three meanings: the meaning at the surface is a major victory of patriarchal civilization and trial is the key of the struggle ; the second is the process of the Erinyes is the symbol of the fear conquered by rationality and finally the death and rebirth of Mother. Among them, the trial is not only the core of the power struggle, but also brings the possibility of reconciliation and healing, include people and people, rationality and irrationality, masculinity and femininity, and the confrontation between individual and nature. Nowadays, the modern society with western civilization as the center and modern law as the fruit of enlightenment are still deeply trapped in the anxiety and ignorance of male views. This is the greatest tragedy of Oresteia. Finally, this article continues its unfinished business. Through dialogue with Japanese mythology and more mythological materials, it puts forward different understandings of phenomena, different imaginations of institutions, and personal ethics of action.