含肉桂醛中藥材對東方果實蠅產卵行為影響之探討

東方果實蠅 (Bactrocera dorsalis) 為熱帶與亞熱帶重要害蟲，因雌蟲產卵行為使果實損傷，進而失去商品價值。本研究目的為探討含肉桂醛中藥材對東方果實蠅行為之影響，以期開發可直接應用於果實上之保護策略。本篇研究從含肉桂醛中藥材桂枝、桂子、桂皮、市售肉桂葉精油與肉桂醛進行對東方果實蠅行為影響之試驗，結果顯示皆可降低產卵數，並且粗萃物產卵忌避指數可達82% 以上，高於單獨施用肉桂醛，推測因中藥材組成較為複雜，而有協同效應增強產卵忌避表現。利用氣相層析質譜儀 (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, GC-MS) 分析不同含肉桂醛中藥材與市售肉桂葉精油之成分，以找出能增強肉桂醛產卵忌避效果之化合物，並以分析結果所得之化合物與肉桂醛依不同比例混合進行試驗。所使用之化合物分別為3-苯丙醇 (3-Phenylpropanol)、對傘花烴 (p-Cymene)、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 (6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one)、沒藥烯 (Bisabolene) 與β-石竹烯 (β-Caryophyllene)，製成人工混合物進行後續試驗。產卵試驗中，當10 mg mL-1肉桂醛與分析結果篩選出之化合物以濃度1 mg mL-1 進行1:1:1混合時，混合物肉桂醛/6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮/沒藥烯之選擇性試驗具最高產卵忌避指數81.29%；非選擇性試驗結果中，混合物肉桂醛/3-苯丙醇/6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮與具最高產卵忌避指數54.47%。最後測試人工混合物施用於果實之保護效果，結果顯示，肉桂醛/3-苯丙醇/6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮之混合物組合具最高產卵忌避指數31.94%。綜合以上結果，含肉桂醛中藥材對東方果實蠅行為產卵干擾效果優於單獨施用肉桂醛，分析其組成分篩選出之化合物與肉桂醛混合可提高產卵忌避效果，惟施用於果實需經調劑改良，才可使其發揮最大效果。

關鍵字

東方果實蠅；忌避劑；植物揮發物；中藥材；肉桂醛

並列摘要

Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) is one of the most destructive fruit pests in tropical and subtropical areas. Due to the ovipositing behavior of female fruit fly, fruits are damaged and lose their commercial value. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of cinnamaldehyde-containing Chinese herbal medicines on the behavior of oriental fruit fly, in order to develop a protecting strategy that can directly be applied to fruits. With the oviposition deterrence index of crude extracts reaches above 82% which is higher than cinnamaldehyde, this results illustrates that twigs, fruits, barks of Cinnamomum cassia so as cinnamon leaf essential oil are able to reduce the number of eggs laid by oriental fruit fly. It was supposed that the complicated components within C. cassia possess a synergistic effect which enhances the oviposition deterrence. After using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze cinnamaldehyde- containing Chinese herbal medicines and cinnamon leaf essential oil, the result that compounds including 3-Phenylpropanol, p-Cymene, 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one, Bisabo- lene and β-Caryophylleneare combined with 10 mg mL-1 of cinnamaldehyde in different formulations were used for further analysis. Compared with the control group, the prescription with proportion 1:1:1 by mixing Cinnamaldehyde/6-Methyl-5-hepten- 2-one /Bisabolene, show a significant difference in choice test and highest oviposition deterrence index 81.29%. In the non-choice test, treatment of Cinnamaldehyde/ 3-Phenylpropanol/6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one have highest oviposition deterrence index 54.47%. Then, the protective effect of the mixture applied to the guava fruits was tested. The mixture Cinnamaldehyde/3-Phenyl-propanol/6-Methyl-5-heptene-2-one demonstrated 31.94% oviposition deterrence index, which is the highest oviposition deterrence among all treatments. Based on all the results the above, cinnamaldehyde- containing Chinese herbal medicines possess better oviposition interference effect on the behavior of oriental fruit flies then cinnamaldehyde. Cinnamaldehyde mixing with other compounds provides higher oviposition deterrence index than applied it alone. To achieve the maximum effect, it is necessary to conduct a further adjustment on formulation before applying on fruits.