- 學位論文
積體電路設計企業關鍵成功因素之研究： 以A個案為例
The Key Successful Factors Study of Integrated Circuit Design Enterprise: A Case Study of A Company
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摘要
在現今網路資訊化潮流裡，積體電路是推波助瀾最重要的推手，讓整個電子資訊產業的應用服務得以串聯建構起來。電子資訊科技日新月異，半導體疊代更新的速度循著英特爾創辦人之一戈登•摩爾所提出來的摩爾定律（Moore’s law），約每二十四個月，積體電路上的電晶體數量就會增加一倍；英特爾執行長大衛•豪斯也指出，大約十八個月，晶片的效能就會提高一倍。意味著電晶體工藝製程數量的增加，進而推促更多的應用驅使著這個世界一直在變化，一步步的在前進，甚至是跳躍式的改變人類的生活習慣，手機的第四代移動通訊，隨時有寬頻可以便利上網就是一個例子，線上視訊、即時網路影片等應用改變了你我的生活。觀察資訊科技產業的變化還是得追本溯源，回歸其源頭就是積體電路的設計與研發，也因此，積體電路設計如何策略性、計劃性的規劃，研發設計出更好且有延續性、延展性的下一代資訊產品應用，將會是相當的重要。然而，積體電路晶片在生產投入階段，需要投入相當高的資金，時間週期也相對較長，生產後遇到問題也不容易修改，以半導體製程來看，過程包含光罩製作、晶圓蝕刻電路到晶圓切割出晶粒，最後再測試封裝，如此，一個積體電路晶片產品才真正的完成問市，此過程需要投入龐大的研發人力與資金。現在積體電路設計產業大都是憑著工程研發人員或老闆自己的評估，至今尚缺乏一些比較有效，且符合積體電路設計產業做為基本評估用的重要關鍵因素，用來協助判斷積體電路晶片問世的成功機率、市場需求強度以及如何降低風險，同時亦缺乏科學的驗證理論，把積體電路設計企業的關鍵成功因素歸納制定出來。因此，如何把有限的珍貴資源精准的投入重要、正確、關鍵的地方，會是本研究的課題之一，歸為內部因素的考慮。 任何的產業別都會受到市場規模、經濟規模的影響，積體電路設計更是如此，一般都只有市場中的第一名與第二名能有較豐厚的獲利，因其可以明確瞭解市場最需要的東西，研發出最好的鋼需需求品。而在市場上最好可以主導市場份額一半以上，才能控制市場價格，市占排名二三名之後的幾乎都是在紅海浪濤中競爭，最後市場還是會被龍頭廠商佔據把持，無法擠入前段班的公司最後轉入小眾利基市場或被市場所淘汰。目前積體電路設計產業成功因素的探討文獻很少，所以探討、研究積體電路設計行業裡所面臨的市場大環境，將會是本研究課題要探討的外部因素。結合內外因素，更細化去探討IC設計研發時關鍵成功因素是現在產業的一個重要課題。 本研究以A積體電路晶片設計公司（以下簡稱A公司）為例，作為本研究所提出的關鍵成因素的驗證場所。A公司經過近二十年的快速發展與整併，迄今已於全球擁有一萬多名員工，並於全球設有二十多個策略研發與銷售支持據點，目前是亞洲地區最大的華人積體電路晶片設計公司。在積體電路研發設計中，評估分析未來一年多到兩年後問世的產品，市場上的成功機會要素，加上研究者多年在電子行業中的經驗，研究分析總結出來的五項關鍵成功因素，可以作為後續積體電路設計的前期評估基礎，作為積體電路設計過程中的需要被檢視的因素，以降低積體電路設計投入後，產品問世失敗的機率, 同時，亦能對整體積體電路設計企業有所幫助與貢獻。
並列摘要
For current trend in internet information, integrated circuit is the most important incitement. It makes the connection between services in electrical information industry possible. Electrical information technology changes rapidly so that in semi-conductor industry, in accordance with Moore’s law, of which put forward by Gordon E. Moore, the co-founder of Intel and Fairchild Semiconductor, the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years. David Tennenhouse, CEO of Intel indicates that the efficiency of chip doubles about every eighteen months. The increase in the number of transistors and the improvement in production process of transistors bring about more applications, making the world change all the time and move forward steadily. And it even makes human lifestyle change sharply. Accessing Internet at any time via broadband service, an achievement and application of 4G mobile communication technology is the best example. Online video streaming changes our daily life. Observing the changes in information technology industry, its foundation shall be traced back to integrated circuit design, research and development. It, therefore, is very important to plan and design a better, serial and expandable integrated circuit strategically and systematically. However, there’s lack of effective key success factors, suitable for integrated circuit design industry to do basic evaluation of successful rate, market demand and risks reduction. There are some possible reasons as follows: high financial input for integrated circuit production, long production cycle and difficult correction after production. Taking fabrication processes for example, they include full mask, etching, dicing, testing and packaging. The entire processes cost extremely high, including high research and development human resources participation and finance input. Nowadays, the evaluations are usually conducted by engineers or founders, lacking of scientific experimental theory support in concluding and establishing key success factors of integrated circuit design industry. How to put the valuable and limited resources into the important and right places precisely, therefore, is the topic of this study, and that is considered as the internal factor. All the industries will be affected by market and economic scales, especially for integrated circuit design industry. Generally speaking, only the top one and the top two companies can make greater profit because they know the demand of market and produce the best supplies. The company that dominates more than half of the market share can control the market price. Companies listed behind top three almost all face strict price competition. The market will be dominated by the leading company and the followers will turn into niche markets or be eliminated finally. There is a few journal articles discussing key success factors of nitrated circuit design industry. Therefore, discussing the market environment faced by integrated circuit design industry is the other topic of this study, and that is considered as the external factor. To discuss the key success factors, combining internal and external factors is important for integrated circuit design industry right now. The key success factors proposed by this study will be verified by A integrated circuit design company, abbreviated A company as follows. After a twenty-year rapid development and consolidation, A company has more than ten thousand employees globally, more than twenty strategic research center and sales branch around the world and is the biggest Chinese-owned integrated circuit design company in Asia. For integrated circuit design industry, combining evaluating and analyzing the market opportunities of product, of which will be released within more than one or two years and self-work experience in electrical industry, five key success factors can be concluded. They can be the evaluation foundation during early stages of integrated circuit design. And treated them as the necessary examination factors, can reduce the product failure rate after starting. Finally, there’s the help and contribution to the entire integrated circuit design industry.
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