- 學位論文
論我國P2P網路借貸平臺監管──以平臺使用者之消費者保護為中心
The Regulation of Peer-to-Peer Lending Platforms:Focusing on the Consumer Protection of Platform Users
摘要
隨著網路普及與數位產品大眾化，結合資訊科技與金融服務之新興金融科技產業發展蓬勃，各種金融創新模式興起，悄然改變大眾之消費模式，本文所討論之P2P網路借貸平臺，即係結合大數據科技、互聯網與消費借貸業務，跳脫傳統金融仲介機構，直接以網路平臺作為營運據點，屬於點對點、個人對個人之新興融資型態。P2P網路借貸平臺對借款信息之蒐集、借款信息之審核、借款信息之發布、借貸雙方之匹配，均由互聯網技術所支撐，平臺得即時、迅速地提供金融借貸服務，不受時間、地域之限制，是以，借貸雙方得直接透過網路完成借貸契約，有效簡化傳統金融機構繁瑣之借貸程序以及冗長之申貸期間，同時滿足出借人之投資需求及借款人之借款需求。 然而，於金融科技產業提供新型態金融服務之際，除多有無法直接適用我國現有法規之狀況外，主管機關亦擔憂監管過嚴恐扼殺創新、放任發展又可能損害交易安全及消費者權益，我國現行P2P網路借貸平臺即面臨此兩難情境，主管機關為使其保有彈性及空間發展，僅「提醒」平臺業者不得為涉及發行有價證券、侵害個資、違反銀行法或其他法令等行為，「呼籲」消費者應評估風險、審慎交易，並「鼓勵」銀行與平臺業者合作，惟並未設立專法或以任何強制手段規範之，然而國際間網路借貸平臺爭議不斷，我國現行自律導向之約束，能否因應平臺推陳出新之商業模式以及相關交易風險，殊值關注。從而，本文於此基礎下，針對平臺適法性以及平臺使用者之權益保障提出意見，一方面使平臺業者有明文規定可資遵循，完善經營模式，避免無謂性地試踩紅線；另一方面，透過諸多消費者保護規範，充實平臺使用者之資訊取得權利，有效提升金融消費者於交易過程中處於相對弱勢之地位，希冀透過本文所提出之建議，能使P2P網路借貸平臺產業更為優化，實現其普惠金融之本質。
並列摘要
As internet and digital products grow popular, emerging FinTech industries, which combine information technology and financial services, are booming. Various financial innovative models rise and slowly changes the spending patterns of the public. The peer to peer lending platform discussed in this thesis combines big data, internet, and consumer lending business, formulating an emerging financial lending pattern that is peer to peer and person to person, which differs from legacy financial institutions and operates directly on the online platform. The peer to peer lending platform is completely supported by the internet in terms of collecting, verification, distribution, and matching of loan information. The platform allows real-time and rapid provision of financial lending services unbound by time or place, and therefore permits lending parties to complete the lending contract over the internet, which effectively simplifies the complicated and lengthy lending process required of legacy financial institution while satisfying the investment and lending requirements of both parties. However, in addition to the fact that current regulations are not directly applicable to most of the new financial services provided by the FinTech industry, the competent authority is also worried that over-regulation may discourage innovation. In the meantime, allowing free development may compromise transaction security and consumer right protection. Existing peer to peer lending platforms in Taiwan face exactly the same dilemma. To maintain flexibility and room for development, the competent authority merely "advises" that platform operators must not engage in issuing of securities, personal data breach, breach of the Banking Act or any other regulations, "calls on" consumers to cautiously evaluate risks and trade prudently; and "encourages" banks to collaborate with platform operators, without drafting specific laws or imposing any mandatory requirements. Considering that there have been continuous internet lending platform disputes globally, further attention should be paid to whether the above self-discipline regulation can respond adequately to the forthcoming new business models and relevant transaction risks. Therefore, this thesis proposes recommendations regarding the legality of platforms and protection of the rights of platform users for platform users to comply with, improve their operation model, and prevent unnecessary trials and errors. On the other hand, through various consumer protection regulations in place, this thesis proposes recommendations to allow platform users to have better access to information and effectively improve their comparatively disadvantaged status in the process of transaction. It is anticipated that the recommendations proposed in this thesis may optimize peer–to-peer lending platforms to enhance financial inclusion.