應用地理資訊系統評估集水區內小型水力發電最佳場址

為了避免全球暖化與氣候變遷的影響日益加劇，許多國際組織倡議全球人類的碳排量應受到妥善控制，使得全球再生能源的需求大幅提升。而相較於其他再生能源，小型水力發電 (以下簡稱小水電) 對環境汙染較小，且其系統的高靈活度可以提高整體電網的穩定性，加上台灣的地形陡峭、降雨豐沛，擁有豐富的小水電潛能，故吾人應加強小水電潛能的開發。為了改善傳統上耗費大量人力、時間及金錢之小水電潛能調查方法，本研究結合QGIS、HEC-HMS與HEC-RAS建立一套小水電潛力場址評估流程，可快速地找到集水區內的小水電潛力場址，並可結合討論落差型、流速型小水電，並利用最佳化模擬試圖找出集水區內最大發電潛能，本研究利用可視化結果清楚地呈現小水電站之位置、裝置容量與適用水輪機型，並利用HSI指標評估，檢驗小水電系統對生態環境之影響。　　本研究區域為位於南投縣的北港溪流域，結果顯示該集水區內最大裝置容量為132.17MW，而本研究說明最佳化小水電方案之模擬過程耗時甚鉅，且評估集水區最大發電潛能之效果並不如全落差型小水電方案佳。若考慮到生物棲地環境之影響，不宜過度密集建設小水電站，本研究整理國內法規，選擇以全落差型1,500公尺間距之小水電方案作為該集水區之最適方案，既能保有高裝置容量，又使用較少的裝機數量。本研究僅基於水力條件進行集水區小水電潛能評估，並藉由驗證結果說明此方法之準確度，惟提出之最適小水電方案係於河川中建設一系列的小水電站，又過程中包含大量假設，實務上窒礙難行，方案可行性較低。

關鍵字

小型水力發電；地理資訊系統；再生能源；棲地適合度指標

並列摘要

In order to avoid the increasing impact of global warming and climate change, many international organizations advocate that carbon emissions should be properly controlled, resulting in a substantial increase in global demand for renewable energy. Compared with other renewable energy sources, small hydropower (SHP) has less pollution to the environment, and the high flexibility of its system can improve the stability of the overall power grid. Coupled with the steep terrain and abundant rainfall, Taiwan has rich potential for SHP. In order to improve the traditional SHP potential survey method that consumes a lot of manpower, time and money, this study combines QGIS, HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS to establish a SHP potential site assessment process, which can quickly find the potential sites in the catchment area, and can discuss the drop type and hydrokinetic type SHP in combination then use the optimization simulation to try to find the maximum power potential in the catchment area. This study uses the visualization results to clearly show the location, installation capacity and applicable turbine type of the SHP system, and use HSI index to assess the impact of SHP system on the ecological environment. 　　The study area is the Beigang River Basin in Nantou County. The results show that the maximum installation capacity in this catchment area is 132.17MW. This study shows that the simulation process of optimizing the SHP scheme is time-consuming, and the result of estimating the maximum power potential of the catchment area is not as good as that of the all drop type SHP scheme. Considering the impact of biological habitat environment, it is not appropriate to build SHP stations too intensively. In this study, domestic regulations were sorted out, and a all drop type SHP scheme with a spacing of 1,500 meters is selected as the most suitable scheme for this catchment, which could not only maintain a high installation capacity, but also use fewer SHP system. This study evaluates the potential of SHP in the catchment only based on hydraulic conditions, and proves the accuracy of this method through the validation. However, the most suitable SHP scheme proposed is to build a series of SHP stations in the river, and the process contains a lot of assumptions, which is difficult to implement in practice, and the feasibility of the scheme is low.