遊走法律邊緣的「外遇偵探」：徵信社介入親密關係糾紛之現象及其意義

Affair Detectives at the Edge of the Law: The Role of Taiwan’s Zhengxinshe in Intimate Disputes

薄瑞安(Bryan Kirkland Beaudoin)

指導教授 ： 陳昭如

國立臺灣大學/法律學院/法律學研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.02050

摘要

台灣的公車車身側面、火車站裡及流行雜誌中充滿徵信社的廣告，這些公司提供的服務項目顯得格外特殊，包括外遇蒐證、離婚證人、法律常識，甚至令人匪夷所思的「感情挽回」。平面媒體也提供我們層出不窮的煽情私家偵探故事，譬如徵信業者陪同憤怒的客戶闖入賓館抓姦在床，在客戶配偶的汽車底盤裝置GPS 追蹤器或秘密監聽、錄影因而吃上官司，甚或「黑心」徵信社在獲得婚外情的證據後背著客戶勒索「通姦者」。徵信社介入人們的親密關係糾紛，已堪稱一種法社會學現象，對此的研究想必能讓我們進一步了解當代台灣社會中親密關係、法學知識生產以及權力間之交錯關係。

至今徵信社抓姦等活動仍未成為國內外法學或社會科學的深入研究對象，有關徵信社的現行研究皆來自中央警察大學，著重「法治」及偵查權在公、私領域中的應然劃分之討論，欠缺性別意識，亦未檢視徵信社介入特定親密糾紛。本論文則聚焦徵信社的社會圖像（social visibility）以及其介入特定親密糾紛之法律及社會實踐，進而試圖探究兩者間之辯證關係。

大體而言，本論文目的有三：1）釐清現行法規範如何塑造涉及婚外情的親密關係糾紛，透過回顧且批判有關通姦罪及離婚法的現行研究而試圖開闢新的討論空間，從法社會學的理論取向出發，探究關於婚外親密關係的規範環境如何影響人們法院內的實踐以及法院外的協商。2）「遊走法律邊緣」的徵信業往往出現違法情形，卻也已部分成功地營造出「受困婦女的幫手」等正面社會形象。再者，徵信業在法制上的定義向來侷限於「經濟徵信」，而該行業作為「外遇偵探」早就成為台灣人的常識。此現象皆為特定歷史發展脈絡底下的產物，本論文觀察徵信業錯綜複雜的社會圖像之形成，以及其對親密糾紛的可能影響。3）以司法資料為實證研究對象，對三個特定親密糾紛加以分析，觀察徵信社得來的證據如何透過法院的選擇性詮釋而影響各種行動者的實踐及糾紛之結果。

關鍵字

徵信社 ； 徵信業 ； 親密關係 ； 通姦 ； 婚外性 ； 法社會學

並列摘要

In contemporary Taiwan, advertisements for zhengxinshe, de facto private investigation businesses, saturate the public sphere, and can be found on the sides of buses, in popular magazines, and elsewhere. The myriad services that they claim to offer include the collection of evidence of extramarital affairs, legal advice, and even the curious “emotional repair.” The print media offers us a multitude of salacious private investigator stories—of detectives and their angry clients storming into “love hotels” to “apprehend adulterers” in the act, of suspicious husbands and wives installing GPS tracking devices on the undercarriage of their spouses’ cars, of zhengxinshe and their clients facing criminal charges after engaging in clandestine audio and video recording, and even of “malevolent” zhengxinshe extorting money from those they investigate behind their clients’ backs.

The intervening of zhengxinshe in people’s intimate disputes constitutes a rich and dynamic socio-legal phenomenon, the investigation of which promises to further our understanding of the relationship between intimacy, legal knowledge production, and power in contemporary Taiwan. To present, however, extramarital affair investigations and other such activities of zhengxinshe have not been the subject of in-depth Taiwanese or foreign legal or sociological research. Previous work on zhengxinshe comes out of the Central Police University, and tends to focus on the rule of law and a normative discussion of the proper public-private division of investigative authority. This research lacks gendered analysis, and does not examine the phenomenon of zhengxinshe through the lens of intimate disputes. This thesis, by contrast, focuses on the social visibility of zhengxinshe as affair detectives and the legal and sociological aspects of zhengxinshe intervening in specific intimate disputes, and furthermore attempts to illuminate a particular dialectical relationship between these.

The thesis comprises three parts. First, it seeks to analyze how current law shapes intimate disputes. It reviews previous research relating to divorce law and criminal adultery, and drawing on sociology of law research, seeks to conceptualize how the normative environment related to extramarital intimacy influence people’s behavior in the judicial system as well as in out-of-court bargaining. Secondly, the public visibility of zhengxinshe is infused with illegality and criminality, but the industry has been able to successfully create for itself a positive and even feminized image. Moreover, while zhengxinshe are synonymous with extramarital affair investigations, the letter of the law has long confined the activity of zhengxinshe to “economic investigations.” This phenomenon is the product of a particular historical context. This thesis will investigate the inception of this contradictory social visibility as well as its relationship with intimate disputing behavior. Finally, utilizing judicial documents, the thesis analyzes three specific intimate disputes as case studies, and reveals how the evidence collected by zhengxinshe influences the behavior and disputing outcomes of both these businesses’ clients and those whom they investigate. Thus, it is suggested that the zhengxinshe phenomenon is not merely the result of the freewheeling behavior of an unregulated industry, but rather the complex product of laws related to intimacy, the behavior of disputants, various state actors, and the selective interpretation of the professional judiciary.

並列關鍵字

Zhengxinshe ； Private Investigator ； Intimacy ； Adultery ； Extramarital Sex ； Sociology of Law

參考文獻

11. 陳昭如（2010），婚姻作為法律上的異性戀父權與特權，女學學誌，27期，頁113-199。

15. 黃淑玲（2003），男子性與喝花酒文化：以Bourdieu的性別支配理論為分析架構， 台灣社會學 ，5期， 頁73–132。

14. 婦女新知基金會（2009），婚外性除刑罰，讓婚姻回歸民法！。

Literatures in English

1. Allison, Ann. 1994. Sexuality, Pleasure, and Corporate Masculinity in a Tokyo Hostess Club. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.