碳化矽元件應用於永磁同步馬達驅動控制之功率損耗分析

電力電子元件為電力電子裝置的重要基礎，早期以矽(Silicon, Si)材料為主的MOSFET功率元件在電力電子領域中佔主導地位，隨著近幾年來環保意識抬頭及市場上對電源相關的高功率半導體元件越來越重視，使得寬能隙元件受到越來越多的關注，並讓高效率驅動技術也有顯著的發展。本論文將寬能隙元件之碳化矽(Silicon Carbide, SiC)應用於馬達驅動系統，取代傳統的矽功率元件，透過LTSPICE模擬軟體分別將矽與碳化矽元件進行三相逆變器之分析探討，可以得知碳化矽在高頻馬達系統之開關元件導通時間及關閉時間比起傳統之矽材料可以降低至少75%，由此可得知碳化矽開關三相逆變器驅動之永磁同步馬達於高頻率切換速度所造成的損耗及功率轉換效率皆優於傳統之矽開關三相逆變器馬達驅動控制系統。其次，藉由MATLAB/Simulink模擬軟體，將碳化矽三相逆變器結合空間向量脈寬調變及向量控制技術，將三相逆變器、永磁同步馬達、驅動控制系統加以整合成為一套完整的永磁同步馬達無感測驅動器仿真控制系統，模擬永磁同步馬達之轉速、轉矩、三相電壓及電流等系統響應。最後利用德州儀器公司之微控制板及CREE公司之碳化矽功率模組搭建一套永磁同步馬達向量控制系統設計，驗證碳化矽功率元件應用於永磁同步馬達相輛驅動控制系統的可行性，並比較碳化矽三相逆變器馬達驅動控制系統及矽三相逆變器馬達控制驅動系統差異，於負載於2Nm及轉速為3000rpm時，節省了90%的效率。建立一套完整元件開關切換速度及轉換效率皆優於傳統之永磁同步馬達驅動控制系統。

關鍵字

永磁同步馬達；碳化矽功率元件；三相逆變器損耗分析；模糊控制；寬能隙

並列摘要

Power electronic components are an important foundation of power electronic devices. In the early days, MOSFET power components dominated the power electronics industry by Silicon (Si) materials. In recent years, environmental awareness and the market are paying more and more attention to power-related high-power semiconductor components, making wide-bandgap (WBG) components get more and more attention, and let high-efficiency drive technology also have significant development. In this paper, wide-bandgap Silicon Carbide (SiC)-based power devices were used in motor drive and to replace the traditional Silicon (Si) power devices. By using LTspice circuit simulation software to analyze the three-phase inverter circuits with traditional silicon power devices and Silicon Carbide power devices. Silicon Carbide power devices can reduce switch-on and switch off time by 75%. As a result, the power loss and power conversion efficiency of Silicon Carbide three-phase inverter is better than traditional Silicon (Si) three-phase inverter in high switching frequency. Then, using MATLAB / Simulink, space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM), vector control theory to establish a complete permanent magnet synchronous motor non-sensing driver simulation control system,and were combined to simulate permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) response such as motor speed, voltage and current waveform. We also used micro-control board and Silicon Carbide power module to establish the permanent magnet synchronous machine motor control system. The SiC motor control system reduce the total power loss efficiency up to 90% when the motor load is 2Nm and motor speed is 3000rpm. Finally, the permanent magnet synchronous motor control system with higher switching speed and better power conversion efficiency is built.