- 學位論文
臺北市臺灣欒樹荔枝椿象及紅姬緣椿象的藥劑防治成效評估與改良
The Effect and Improvement of Chemical Control of Tessaratoma papillosa and Leptocoris abdominalis on Koelreuteria henryi in Taipei City
摘要
臺灣欒樹(Koelreuteria henryi)是臺灣各地區大量栽植的行道樹，荔枝椿象(Tessaratoma papillosa (Drury, 1770))與紅姬緣椿象(Leptocoris abdominalis (Fabricius, 1803))為臺灣欒樹上常出現且引起民眾恐慌與不適的昆蟲。本研究為第一個針對荔枝椿象在臺灣欒樹上消長趨勢的調查，且針對臺北市政府工務局公園路燈工程管理處目前以2.8%賽洛寧乳劑例行施藥成果進行調查，進而提出適用於都市區臺灣欒樹的防治方法並提高防治效益。研究調查民國109年九月至民國110年八月大安區、文山區及士林區荔枝椿象消長趨勢，成蟲最早出現於二月，且從七月份開始成蟲數量便急遽下降，冬季期間則未見荔枝椿象出現於臺灣欒樹上，而荔枝椿象的交配高峰期出現於三月及四月，故應將防治成本投注於交配高峰期，且可在七月後減少防治成本。紅姬緣椿象的聚集行為高峰期出現於於二月及三月，且以卡方檢定比較顯示士林區聚集行為顯著多於大安區及文山區，區域差異應來自士林區落葉落果較其他兩區不易清除容易發生聚集行為。現行的噴藥方法對於防治荔枝椿象或減少紅姬緣椿象聚集行為效果不佳，不論以獨立樣本t檢定比較受現行噴藥方法處理的實驗組及未受處理的對照組或以成對樣本t檢定比較實驗組於噴藥前後差異，結果顯示僅零星時間點出現顯著差異；以卡方檢定比較紅姬緣椿象高峰期的三月份士林區出現聚集行為的樣樹數，無出現顯著差異。同樣使用2.8%賽洛寧乳劑，但將藥劑使用量提高兩倍、進行雙面噴灑與集中噴灑樹冠層，在改良式施藥方法下的實驗組荔枝椿象成蟲數量顯著少於對照組且實驗組在施藥後成蟲數量顯著少於施藥前。建議未來相關單位可參考本研究改良是施藥方法防治荔枝椿象，且加強區域清掃以降低紅姬緣椿象的聚集行為。
並列摘要
Flame gold-rain tree (Koelreuteria henryi Dummer) is a widely-distributed tree in Taiwan, on which lychee stink bugs (Tessaratoma papillosa (Drury, 1770)) and scentless bugs (Leptocoris abdominalis (Fabricius, 1803)) often appear and make people panic. This study pioneers an investigation of lychee stink bug population dynamics on flame gold-rain trees, researching on the effect of chemical pest management with 2.8% lambda-cyhalothrin emulsion by Taipei City Government. The investigation, since September 2020 to August 2021, indicates that March and April are peak months for lychee stink Bug’s mating and adults to start leaving from their home since July. Therefore, emphasis should be put on the pest management during the peak period of mating in reduction of the usage since July. The gathering habits of scentless bug peak in February and March, and there is a significant difference in different location, which may be caused by the ability to remove fallen seeds and leaves. The effect of the chemical pest management by Taipei City Government is not as well as expected since the lack of significant difference of number of lychee stink bug adult and scentless bug gathering on trees between the treatment group and the control group. However, with an alternative chemical pest management applied in this research, as shown in the result, the number of lychee stink bug adult in the experimental group is significantly lower than the number in the control group. This alternative method is different from the original one by raising the usage of 2.8% lambda-cyhalothrin, spraying on both sides, and aiming at the tree crown. Future pest management may have better result in reducing the number of lychee stink bugs by applying the alternative method and reducing the scale of scentless bug gathering by enforcing environment Cleaning.