- 學位論文
做工之外：裝修統包的外包分工、協商工作與知識轉譯
Not just construction: Subcontracting, negotiations and knowledge translation in construction work
摘要
室內設計是日常生活中的普遍現象，舉凡餐廳店面、展覽會場、住家空間，隨處可見室內設計的蹤影，市場需求也連年增加。本研究試圖回答，裝修統包如何在競爭激烈的室內設計產業中，成為重要且難以取代的從業者？研究結果指出，外包制度與協力網絡中不同的合作模式，使裝修統包可以靈活、彈性地運用不同的勞動力，滿足變化快速、需求多元的市場需求。而面對產業中的缺工環境，裝修統包既要與工班維持良好的協力關係，又要兼顧自己在其中的管理角色；他們發展出不同的經濟手段與多層次的人際管理手法，從而產出獲得消費者信賴的裝修工程。 除此之外，裝修工程的特殊性使裝修統包在生產過程中的統籌、協商的角色格外的重要。除了涉及工作安排、人際關係的協商工作，統包必須擁有不同形式的互動型專門知識，才能在多方行動者中進行知識的轉譯和溝通。這些隱性能力得益於統包過去的實作經驗，而非透過制度化的教育訓練養成。 本研究主要的研究貢獻有三：首先，修正過去研究對裝修統包的忽視與錯認，強調裝修統包在工程中不同面向的能力及其重要性。第二，統包建立、維繫協力網絡的手段，不只是經濟與社會邏輯運作的結果：統包身兼小頭家與勞動者的雙重身分，其行為體現了台灣本地資本主義勞動過程的特徵；第三，跨領域的知識轉譯能力不僅限於言說層次，也會透過其他形式展現。 在裝修工程分工越趨精細、設計手法更加複雜的現今，統包所具備的各項技能，使他們得以回應客製化程度高、變化多端的市場需求；他們不只是「做工程的人」，而是藉由多樣且複雜的能力，成為裝修工程中不可或缺的關鍵角色。
並列摘要
Interior design plays an important role in our daily life nowadays. The market demand for interior design comes not only from restaurants, stores, offices, but also from homeowners to enhance their domestic spaces. The industry has been continuously growing. This research attempts to answer how general contractors have become such irreplaceable practitioners in the cutthroat competition of the interior design industry. This research reveals that the advantages of general contractors lie in their subcontracting networks and interactive expertise. On one hand, general contractors utilize subcontracting and multiple cooperative relationships to flexibly mobilize different kinds of labor, in order to rapidly meet the need of ever‑changing market demands. Facing labor shortage, contractors have to consolidate stable cooperative relationships with craftsmen. They execute the supervision of construction processes while carefully avoiding acting as superior. They hence have developed various economic strategies and multi-level social skills in order to deliver good quality renovation that please their customers. On the other hand, due to the uncertainty and flexibility of renovation work, general contractors play a crucial role in negotiating and supervising during the entire process. General contractors not only arrange works, negotiate with others, but also enhance various interactional expertise in order to successfully “translate” and communicate knowledge among multiple actors. These implicit abilities were developed from previous practical experiences, rather than formal education or institutionalized licenses. This research has three contributions. First, it reveals the importance and various abilities of general contractors in renovation, who have often been neglected in previous literature. Second, this study illustrates that general contractors develop all kinds of strategies and skills to maintain stable labor supply, indicating both economic and social concerns are at play. The class identification of general contractors, being in a grey area of the petite bourgeoisie and working class, demonstrates the unique local characteristics of capitalism in Taiwan. Last but not the least, general contractors develop interactional expertise in diverse forms besides linguistic translation, which allows them to translate renovation knowledge among actors. Nowadays, division of labor in renovation work has become more refined and design has been more complex. Contractors strive to meet highly customized and shifty market needs by the above-mentioned capabilities. They are not just traditional craftsmen who execute renovation work but those who possess various capabilities, which make them indispensable and significant in the industry.