女性教育程度對離婚風險之影響

The Effect of Female Education on Divorce Risk

林振皓(Cheng-Hao Lin)

Advisor ： 江淳芳

Co-Advisor ： 劉錦添(Jin-Tan Liu)

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/經濟學研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.02877

Abstracts

本文使用2000年台灣人口普查、人力資源運用調查及華人家庭動態資料庫的資料進行實證分析，以探討女性教育程度的改變對離婚風險的影響。首先我們用離婚威脅談判模型討論女性教育程度改變對離婚風險的影響效果，並考量傳統性因子帶來的影響做出以下推論：女性教育程度的提升在較傳統的社會家庭中傾向增加離婚風險，反之在較非傳統的社會家庭中則傾向降低離婚風險。
我們以台灣人口普查資料進行初步的趨勢分析，發現早期的族群中女性教育程度提升使離婚率上升，而後期的族群中女性教育程度提升則使離婚率下降。而後使用由人力運用調查資料合併出的配偶串聯資料，在控制丈夫教育等資訊下進行迴歸分析，仍得到相似的結果。此外我們也利用人力運用配偶串聯資料進行選擇性問題(selection problem)的分析，發現在本文的研究當中選擇性問題並不會對女性教育程度的效果造成太大的影響。接著考量城鄉差別所帶來的傳統性差異在女性教育效果上的影響，女性教育程度提升在較非傳統的都市地區有降低離婚風險的效果，特別是在早期的族群之中。
最後我們以華人動態資料庫的資料探討傳統家庭與非傳統家庭下的女性教育效果，實證結果發現在以「認同傳統家庭觀念」作為傳統家庭定義下，女性教育程度的提升在傳統家庭中傾向增加離婚風險，而女性每增加一年教育年數在傳統家庭中相較於在非傳統家庭中約多增加0.5%的離婚率；並且我們也發現女性教育程度上升對離婚風險的影響效果隨著出生年越接近現代越傾向減少離婚風險。

Keywords

離婚風險 ； 女性教育程度 ； 傳統性

Parallel abstracts

The analysis of this paper is based on multiple data set, including the census data conducted by Taiwan’s government in 2000, data from the Manpower Utilization Survey, and data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics(PSFD). First, we discuss the effect of female education on divorce risk by a divorce-threat bargaining model with traditional factor, and infer that an increase in education for female who is in traditional conditions would tend to increase the divorce risk, whereas an increase in education for female who is not in traditional conditions would tend to reduce the probability of marriage dissolution.
In order to figure out the trend of the educational effect on divorce risk, we do an initial analysis with census data, and find out an increase in education for female raises the divorce risk across early cohorts while an increase in education for female lowers the divorce risk across later cohorts. Then we use a special data containing the information of both wife and husband which is matched by us from the Manpower Utilization Survey to run a regression with controlling husband’s information like education. We get a similar result to previous result. Besides, we also use the data to deal with selection problem, and detect no significant influence made by selection problem in our analysis. After that, we consider that the different level of tradition between city and countryside would make an impact on the effect of female education. According to an empirical examination, we know that an increase in education for female who lives in city comes with a reduced effect on divorce risk in early cohort.
Moreover, we exam if there are any differences in the effect of female’s education on divorce risk between traditional family and non-traditional family. Result shows that female who lives in traditional family and receives higher education would tend to have higher probability of getting divorced, and have extra divorce risk at about 0.5% when increasing one schooling year compared to female who lives in non-traditional family. We also find out that female who receives higher education is more likely to reduce the risk of divorce when her birth year is closer to modern times.

Parallel keywords

divorce risk ； female education ； traditional factor

References

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