摘要
在通常情況下，使用著作需要以著作權人之授權為前提。不過，當未獲得授權的使用人欲對某著作進行使用卻又難以找到著作權人獲得授權時，其使用行為往往面臨相當之障礙。上述著作，一般被稱之為「孤兒著作」。 由於著作權登記制度之轉變以及著作權保護期限延長等原因，孤兒著作的數量不斷增長，逐漸發展成為全球性的問題。面對公眾的著作使用需求，世界各國皆嘗試著手解決孤兒著作制度之困境。與其他地方相比，中國大陸的孤兒著作問題亦是日漸明顯，但立法始終未能系統地、全面地對孤兒著作制度進行規定，直到近年中國大陸《著作權法》第三次修訂，才計畫將孤兒著作正式引入條文。而台灣《文化創意產業發展法》及其細則對孤兒著作的相關規定，亦存在值得探討之處。本文試圖研究孤兒著作制度之源起，分析其困境及成因，梳理孤兒著作制度相關議題與觀點，並從比較法之視角進行檢視與借鏡，為兩岸孤兒著作制度之構建提出建議。 在制度設計方面，本文整理比較各國不同制度之異同，包括限制救濟、法定授權、強制授權等，並從不同角度評析其優劣。在制度設計之外，就孤兒著作制度之適用範圍、合理勤勉查找義務、使用報酬、數位化等議題亦作探討，試圖找尋最符合當下社會基礎的立法模式。最後本文建議以強制授權制度為基礎，並增添其他制度之部分規定作為補充，待著作權集體管理組織運作良善時，亦重點考量引入延伸性集體管理制度，以期解決孤兒著作大規模數位化使用之問題。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
Under normal circumstances, the use of works requires the authorization of the copyright owner. However, when an unauthorized user wants to use a work but it is difficult to find the copyright owner to obtain the authorization, their behavior often faces to obstacles. These works are generally called orphan works. Due to the changes in the copyright registration and the extension of the protection period, the number of orphan work has continued to grow and gradually developed into a global problem. Facing demand for the use of works, the most countries have tried to solve the dilemma faced by the legal system of orphan work. Compared with other countries, the problem of orphan work in China is also becoming more and more obvious, but the legislation has failed to regulate the legal system of orphan work systematically. In recent years, it was not until the third revision of the copyright law in China that it was planned Articles for orphan work was officially introduced. Besides that, Taiwan’s copyright law on orphan work is also worth discussing and amending. This paper attempts to study the origin of the orphan work and analyze its predicament and causes. Besides that, this paper tries to sort out the related issues and viewpoints of the orphan work and borrow from the perspective of comparative law to make recommendations for the construction of the legal system of orphan work. In terms of system design, this paper compares the similarities and differences of systems in various countries, including the restricted relief, the compulsory license, etc. Moreover, it evaluates advantages and disadvantages from different perspectives. In addition to the system design, this paper also discusses the scope of application of the orphan work system, the obligation of reasonably diligent search, licensing fees, digitization and other issues. This paper tries to find the best legislative model meeting the current social foundation. Finally, this paper proposes to take the compulsory license system as a basis and add some provisions of other systems as supplements. When the copyright collective license organization is operating well, it also focuses on extended collective license system in order to solve the problem about digital use of orphan works.