智慧製造產業在 AIoT 應用趨勢下的發展策略 - 以國內工業電腦廠商為例

台灣資訊硬體產業面臨市場飽和、成長趨緩、代工毛利過低等諸多問題。面對資訊硬體產業成長的受限，透過數位轉型提升競爭力是必然。IoT（物聯網）導入AI（人工智慧）成為AIoT（智慧物聯網），帶來新的應用。智慧物聯網的應用，推動著下一波新興產業與科技的發展，帶來新的商機。國內工業電腦公司因其具備硬體研發製造和系統軟硬體整合的能力，擅長少量多樣化產品的設計與生產，且累積了深厚的領域知識，在切入智慧製造領域上，是轉型的重要推手。台灣擁有具競爭力的高科技產業鏈、有著產業群聚效益、具備發展 AIoT 端到端支援服務的實力。然而，面對市場需求的不確定性，要找到適合的商業模式，難度變大。企業除了透過專案瞭解目標客戶的痛點，強化產品對顧客的悠關性與市場的匹配外，策略與組織面上，也都需有一定的變革。在智慧物聯網應用下，少量多樣的需求所需要的商業模式不是由生產者驅動，而是從買方出發，驅動著研發、供應鏈、整個生產系統與服務。傳統工業電腦公司除了持續強化各自的核心競爭力外，需要有計畫地進行數位轉型，累積數位資產和發展生態系，才能掌握新的商機。若能有適當的數位轉型發展策略，當能助產業發展更加順利，取得成果與成效。藉由文獻的探討瞭解產業的機會與挑戰，本研究以工業電腦領導廠商的實際發展歷程作個案分析，探討其在AIoT應用趨勢下，如何形塑自己在產業的定位與競爭優勢，推動智慧製造發展。本文針對發展策略的三個主要議題進行研究，包含 (1) 準備階段 : 傳統工業電腦廠商，如何有效自我定位，推動數位轉型? (2) 執行階段 : AIoT應用趨勢下，工業電腦廠商如何提升企業的附加價值? (3) 發展階段 : AIoT應用趨勢下，工業電腦廠商如何發展生態圈，創造價值? 基於個案分析的歸納與收斂，本研究提出傳統工業電腦廠商於數位轉型上的發展路徑，對內調整組織結構提升附加價值和對外藉由生態系發展創造價值上，須考量的關鍵因素。希望能作為傳統資訊硬體廠商在思考數位轉型發展策略上的借鏡，加速產業的數位化，提升台灣智慧製造的整體競爭力。

關鍵字

智慧物聯網；智慧製造；工業電腦；數位轉型

並列摘要

Taiwan's ICT (Information and Communications Technology) hardware industry is facing many problems such as market saturation, slower growth, and low gross profit. Facing the limited growth of the ICT hardware industry, it is inevitable to enhance competitiveness through digital transformation for companies. IoT (Internet of Things) introduces AI (Artificial Intelligence) to become AIoT (AI + IoT), bringing new applications. The numerous application of the AIoT will enable the development of the next wave of emerging industries and technologies and bring new business opportunities. Domestic IPC (Industrial Personal Computer) companies have the capabilities of hardware R D and manufacturing and system software and hardware integration, and are good at HMLV (high-mix, low-volume) product design and production and have deep domain knowledge. They are important promoters of transformation when entering the field of smart manufacturing. Taiwan has a competitive high-tech industrial chain, benefits of industrial clustering, and the ability to develop end-to-end AIoT services. However, in the face of the uncertainty of market demand, finding a suitable business model becomes more difficult. Companies try to understand the pain points of target customers through projects, to define the right products to fit the market requirement. Meanwhile, change of development strategy and organization is required. To support the application of the AIoT, the business model for diverse needs is not driven by the producer, but by the buyers which driving R D, supply chain, and the entire production system. In addition to continuing to strengthen the core competitiveness, traditional IPC companies need to embrace digital transformation, accumulate competitive digital assets, and develop ecosystems in order to grasp new business opportunities. If there is an appropriate digital transformation strategy, it will definitely help the industry develop more smoothly and achieve results and effectiveness. Through the study of the literature to understand the industry opportunities and challenges, this research uses the development history of IPC companies as example to explore how they shaped their own positioning and competitive advantages in the industry, to catch the business opportunities of AIoT applications, and promote smart manufacturing development. This research concludes the development strategies from three aspects (1) Preparation stage: How can traditional IPC companies effectively position themselves and promote digital transformation? (2) Execution stage: How can IPC companies increase their added value of business? (3) Development stage: How do IPC companies develop ecosystems and create value? Based on the analysis and induction, this research proposes the development path of traditional IPC companies in digital transformation, the key factors that must be considered in terms of organization transformation to increase added value and the external value creation through ecosystem development. We hope this research can be a reference for ICT hardware industry in thinking about digital transformation and development strategies, to accelerate the digitalization of the industry, and to enhance the overall competitiveness of Taiwan's smart manufacturing.