- 學位論文
雙供應源採購策略下訂單分配與轉移限制之探討
Analysis of Demand Allocation and Transfer Restriction under Dual Sourcing
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摘要
雙供應源是現代採購策略的潮流，在執行層面上，採購商需擘畫完整的供應鏈管理政策，訂單額度分配為左右供應商行為的關鍵要素，訂單額度分配計畫應涵蓋兩部份：擬訂一採購專案初期名目需求分配比例與執行期間必要之訂單轉移原則，適時執行必要之訂單轉移措施，可以彌補供應商不均衡的產能儲備水準所造成單一供應商產能無法滿足需求之狀況。訂單分配比例與轉移可作為對供應商獎勵與懲罰的手段，但訂單轉移在不同的合作模式與產品屬性下有其限制條件，採購商經常需處理一個問題；在相應的限制條件下規劃適切的分配與轉移原則。本研究首先探討訂單轉移限制發生之架構，再以情境模擬進一步瞭解名目分配比例之設定與移轉限制對供應商產能準備水準之影響，採購商之目標為利用分配比例與轉移規模獲得最佳之產能供給，供應商之目標是在採購商設定的條件下獲得最佳之利潤。本文所推導之結論可做為雙供應源策略下採購商之執行準則。
並列摘要
Firms increasingly adopt the approach of dual sourcing to manage their supply chain. It requires concrete action plan to implement the approach effectively. Demand allocation is the critical factor that dominates suppliers’ behaviors. A complete plan of demand allocation includes two items: the ratio of nominal allocation and the criteria of the allocation transfer. The scale of allocation transfer is based on the ratio of nominal allocation, transfer restriction, and the scale of supply capacity available. Allocation transfer is a measure to mitigate the impact from the supply discontinuity of one of the suppliers when demand is beyond a certain level. However, the practice of allocation transfer is subject to product characteristic and business terms. Firms should manage their supply chain on the condition of transfer restriction. This study starts with an investigation on the structure of the allocation restriction. With the understanding of allocation restriction, scenario simulation is introduced to evaluate how suppliers respond to the ratio of nominal allocation and the criteria of the allocation transfer defined. The conclusion of this study offers practical criteria for firms to manage their suppliers under the approach of dual sourcing.
參考文獻
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