金豆柑盆栽生產技術之研究

本研究以探討砧木種類對金豆柑(Fortunella hindsii Swingle)生長特性的影響；開發一個可以與人互動的果物盆栽；研究金豆柑接穗生產和優良砧木繁殖的方法；並觀察金豆柑實生苗幼樹開花現象並挑選出優秀的新品系，提供更加優質的盆栽材料做使用等。多個面向去研究金豆柑的生長特性與利用方式。使用酸桔(Citrus sunki Hort.)、枳橙(Citrus sinensis Osbeck × Poncitrus trifoliate Raf.)、枳柚(Citrus x paradisi Macf. × Poncitrus trifoliata Raf.)、枳(Poncitrus trifoliata Raf.)、檸檬(Citrus limon Burm)、柳丁(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)、蜜柚(Citrus x paradisi Macf.)、西施柚(Citrus grandis Osbeck or C. maxima Merr)、虎頭柑(Citrus kotokan Hayata)、茂谷柑(Citrus reticulate Blanco × Citrus sinensis Osbeck)、椪柑(Citrus reticulata Blanco)、四季桔(Citrus madurensis Lour or Citrofortunella x microcarpa Bge.)等12種中苗與當年實生小苗，以切接法進行嫁接。結果發現依據可利用性評分，三寸盆使用的砧木第一推薦檸檬(種子少，可使用扦插苗)，第二是蜜柚雙株，第三是蜜柚，第四是柳丁。五寸盆使用的砧木第一推薦蜜柚，第二是酸桔(易取得，但必須種植兩年)，第三是枳橙，第四是柳丁。西施柚和四季桔適合做大盆栽和庭木的生產使用。虎頭柑則可應用於綠籬，使用22 cm的嫁接高度最適合從事金豆柑接穗的生產。砧木品種會影響同品系的金豆柑嫁接苗的生長與株型，正如俗語所說：下重肥不如換新欉(音：へˇだんぐˇぶいˊぶˋずうˊうなˇしん¯ざんぐˊ)。利用扦插法繁殖的檸檬與枳橙砧木，能夠使金豆柑接穗開花結果，但目前仍無法達到商品的標準，應該是插穗種植時間不夠所致，有待進一步深入研究。金豆柑或許是幼年期短，一年生實生苗有30%開花，二年生實生苗則有60%開花。始花後即維持成株狀態，並且41.7%的早生變異株能產生子代。目前從中選拔7個優秀個體，可以提供生產更優質的盆栽作生產。

關鍵字

穗砧親和性；實生苗變異；整枝修剪；幼樹開花；嫁接；扦插；砧木

並列摘要

This study is maimly to investigate the effects of rootstock variety on the growth characteristics of Fortunella hindsii. Useing Fortunella hindsii to develop a fruit bonsai that can interact with people. At the same time, we study for the method of scion production and excellent rootstock reproduction, and also observe the precocious flowering of Fortunella hindsii seed seedlings and selecte outstanding new strains for bonsai produce. From multiple aspects to study the growth characteristics and uses of Fortunella hindsii. This study used 12 varieties of stock, including sunki, citrange, citrumelo, trifoliate orange, lemon, sweet orange, grapefruit, pomelo, Hutou Gan, Honey Murcott, mandarin, and calamondin by grafting. For 9-cm bonsai prouce, we recommend firstly lemon, secondly double-plant grapefruit, thirdly grapefruit, and fourthly sweet orange. Lemon has few seeds, but can reproduce by cutting. For 15-cm bonsai prouce, we recommend firstly grapefruit, secondly sunki, thirdly citrange, and fourthly sweet orange. Sunki rootstocks are easily bought from market, but trees on them should be planted for 2 years. Pomelo and calamondin are suitable for large bonsais and garden trees produce. Hotou Gan can be applied to hedges, and being 22 cm stock is the best suited for Fortunella hindsii scion produce. Different rootstocks will effect the same strain of Fortunella hindsii on growth and shape. Just likes the Taiwanese proverb that “The right rootstock is more important than heavy fertilization.”(Taiwanese pronunciation is Hei Dang Bui Bu Zu Una Shin Tsang.) Cutting rootstocks of lemon and citrange can make Fortunella hindsii flower and bear fruit, but they can not meet the product standards. Maybe the planting time of cutting stocks was not enough. It should be studied more deeply. There are about 30% seed seedlings of Fotunella hindsii that showed precocious flowering in the first year. And there are about 60% seed seedlings of Fotunella hindsii that showed precocious flowering in the second year. They still bear fruit every years after the first flowering, and there are 41.7% precocious flowering seedlings can produce offsprings. At present we selected 7 outstanding new strains for bonsai improvement.