- 學位論文
台灣與中國大陸消防救災體系比較之研究
A Comparative Study on the Fire Service Systems in the Taiwan and China
摘要
隨著全球社會經濟的快速發展，各種產業結構升級與調整，產生諸多新興能源物質與化學品項，更透過科技與資訊化過程，消防管理工作面臨重大挑戰，發生多起特殊大火災及人命傷亡事故給我們敲響了警鐘，暴露出來諸多薄弱環節和現實問題，更引發全社會的廣泛關注。往往消防體系上會有所變革都是由一場又一場火災戰役，一條又一條寶貴生命，堆砌而成，因為制度缺漏才促使改變，迫切需要創新與進步，構建新的科學合理的消防救災體系。 如何藉他山之石可以攻錯精神，找出改革創新才能滿足社會發展需要？本研究透過探索歷史文獻資料、比較研究法等方式，對中國大陸2018年後消防體系改變，藉由消防組織、法規、數據等特點，探索中國大陸在消防相關體制規劃面為何?中國公安消防部門由軍職變革為專職體系存在問題?與我國消防領域比較，並從中找尋可供我國借鏡的政策建議，建構健全合理的救災組織體系，為本文欲深入研究的課題。 比較研究結果顯示，可以藉強化法律支撐，及時修訂完善《消防法》和相關法律法規，加強對消防管理工作的規範，設備運用上跟隨社會科技發展有效對應問題。文章提出消防組織發展，應為與時俱進且全面提升消防安全作為優先要素。文章比較了兩國消防工作未來對策和改變途徑，以構建發展需要的新型消防管理體系。本結論對於台灣與中國大陸消防救災體系而言，可作為精進與發展考量，以及未來可考慮於消防教育與職場，針對消防組織發展進行相關介入措施，提升救災體系現況情形並對未來提出政策性建議，期望以前瞻務實而宏觀的角度探討。
並列摘要
With the rapid development of the global society and economy, various industrial structures have been upgraded and adjusted, resulting in many emerging energy substances and chemicals. Furthermore, through the process of technology and information technology, fire management is facing major challenges, and many special fires and casualties have occurred. The accident sounded the alarm for us, exposed many weak links and practical problems, and caused widespread concern of the whole society. Often, there will be changes in the fire protection system, which are made up of one fire battle after another, one after another of precious lives, because of the lack of system to promote the change, there is an urgent need for innovation and progress to build a new scientific and reasonable fire and disaster relief system. How can we use the stones of other mountains to attack the wrong spirit and find out reform and innovation to meet the needs of social development? This research uses the methods of this paper and the method of comparative research to analyze the changes in the fire protection system in mainland China after 2018. With the characteristics of fire protection organization, regulations, data, etc., it explores what is the planning aspect of fire protection related systems in mainland China? Chinese public security fire department Is there any problem in changing from military service to full-time system? Comparing it with my country's fire protection field, looking for policy suggestions that can be used as a model for my country, and constructing a sound and reasonable disaster relief organization system are the topics that this article intends to study in depth. The results of the comparative study show that it is possible to revise and improve the Fire Protection Law and related laws and regulations in a timely manner by strengthening legal support, strengthen the standardization of fire management work, and effectively respond to problems in the application of equipment following the development of social science and technology. The article proposes that the development of fire protection organizations should be a priority element to keep pace with the times and comprehensively improve fire safety. The article compares the future countermeasures and changes in the fire protection work of the two countries in order to build a new fire management system for development. This conclusion can be used as a consideration for the improvement and development of the fire and disaster relief systems in Taiwan and mainland China. In the future, fire protection education and workplaces can be considered to carry out relevant intervention measures for the development of fire protection organizations, improve the current situation of the disaster relief system, and propose policies for the future. It is suggested that we look forward to discussing it from a forward-looking, pragmatic and macro perspective.