富士山環境保護與觀光發展之共存性探討–以日本政府提交聯合國教科文組織世界遺產委員會之富士山保全狀況報告書為中心–

本研究旨在探討2013年富士山成為世界文化遺產後，日本政府如何妥善保存其遺產價值，以及面對環境保護與觀光發展間取得平衡，並以富士山保全狀況報告書內容進行歸納及分析。在富士山成為世界文化遺產後，日本政府以自然共存的「文化景觀」概念進行管理，環境保護上，富士山景觀改善、資產項目修復整建、觀光開發控制等；觀光發展中，巡禮路調查研究、資產價值傳遞及登山安全與危機管理等。經研究結果得知，環境保護及觀光發展方面，富士山以現行管理制度仍有改善空間。環境保護上，公物毀損部分，雖制訂「文化財保護法」及「自然公園法」等應對策略，但在資產毀損防治措施上仍不完善。在觀光發展中，為避免夜間登山事故再次發生，已訂定登山者須提出登山計畫書相關辦法。其管理單位除宣導申請其計畫書外，勸導夜間登山者自我約束，然而登山計畫書提出比例甚低且效果不彰。為確保登山客的安全，建議須強制要求登山者提出登山計畫書。此外，目前夏季登山無人數限制，以致人潮混雜情況嚴重。建議相關單位須重視登山壅塞現象，妥善執行登山分流政策，針對混雜預測日曆中的「特別混雜」日，進行一日登山人流管制，以緩解登山道吉田口與富士宮口兩處壅塞問題，並確保登山者的安全與及舒適度。

關鍵字

富士山；世界文化遺產；保全狀況報告書；環境；觀光

並列摘要

This research is aim at discussing about how Japanese government preserves the value of Mount Fuji after becoming World Cultural Heritage on 2013 and strikes balance between environmental protection and tourism development. Summarize and analysis this topic according to State of Conservation Report. Japanese government manages Mont Fuji as a “cultural landscape” that coexists with nature after becoming World Cultural Heritage. In terms of environmental protection, landscape improvement of Mount Fuji, asset rehabilitation and tourism development. In terms of tourism development, research of pilgrim routes, values transmission, mountaineering safety and crisis management. According to the result of this research, there is still room for improvement of management system in environment protection and tourism development. In terms of environmental protection, though formulate the strategy like Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties and Natural Parks Act for public property damage, it is still not perfect for prevention of property damage. In terms of tourism, already formulate interrelated method that climbers need to submit climbing plan to avoid hiking accidents at night happen again. The management department not only promotes to submit application but advises night hikers to be self-disciplined, however, the percentage of submitting application is low and not effective. In order to ensure hiker’s safety, suggest to ask hikers must submit climbing plan. Otherwise, there is no limitation on the number of hikers in summer time so that causes serious crowd complexity. Suggest that relating department to pay attention to the congestion of hikers and properly implement the policy of diversion. Focus on the “especially crowded day” on the Fujisan Crowd Calendar to implement one day diversion of hikers to relieve the congestion of Yoshida Trail and Fujinomiya Trail and ensure safety and comfort of hikers.