《爾雅匡名．釋詁》與《說文解字注》比較研究

有清一代小學昌明，及至乾嘉時期為最鼎盛，治《爾雅》、《說文解字》者眾多。其中，治《爾雅》諸儒中，嚴元照撰有《爾雅匡名》，其苦於《爾雅》文字多誤，故取許慎《說文解字》校正《爾雅》文字，明文字之正譌與通借，是為清代《雅》學中，具有代表性之著作。而治《說文》諸儒中，段玉裁撰有《說文解字注》，為清代《說文》學中用力最深者。二者皆為清代小學大家，又嚴元照有以《說文》校《爾雅》之前例，故本文以《說文解字注》校《爾雅匡名．釋詁》篇作比較研究。同時以清儒他書及清儒所未見之出土文獻，對《爾雅匡名．釋詁》篇訓例，逐條做全面性之考察研究，主要目的有五：一、供治經者查閱相關訓例解經；二、明《爾雅匡名》於通假字整理的價值；三、以《說文解字注》校《爾雅匡名》之訓例；四、以出土文獻糾舉《爾雅匡名》之失；五、提升《爾雅匡名》一書之價值。全文四十二萬餘字之比較研究結果主要有五：一、論《爾雅匡名》之得；二、論《爾雅匡名》之失；三、以出土文獻明《爾雅》之真義；四、為《爾雅匡名．釋詁》作義疏；五、對《爾雅匡名．釋詁》與《說文解字注》訓字方式作比較。

關鍵字

爾雅匡名；釋詁；說文解字注；比較研究

並列摘要

Studies in Chinese philology (Xiao Xue) flourished in Qing(清) dynasty, and in particular during the reigns of Emperors Qianlong(乾隆) and Jiaqing(嘉慶). A lot of scholars worked at Erya(爾雅) and Shuowenjiezi, including Yan Yuan-Zhao(嚴元照) and Duan Yu-Cai(段玉裁). Yan Yuan-Zhao’s frustration with Erya was its misguided wordings, he therefore elucidated the authenticity of words and made distinction from loan words (Tongjie characters) based on Xu Shen’s(許慎) Shuowenjiezi in his book Erya Kuangming(爾雅匡名) , which has become one of the quintessential works on Erya research in Qing dynasty. Yan Yuan-Zhao and Duan Yu-Cai were both great scholars of studies in Shuowenjiezi at the time, the latter being the author of The Annotation of Shuowenjiezi(說文解字注). Comparative research has all along been an effective approach to the studying of a spectrum of curriculums–this paper provides detailed investigation and elaboration of Erya Kuangming Shigu(爾雅匡名．釋詁) by making reference to The Annotation of Shuowenjiezi, other works by the scholars then, as well as excavated documents that have come into light by now. There are five main objectives here –(i) To provide the audience with the corresponding elucidations of Erya Kuangming Shigu.(ii) To illustrate the importance of Yan Yuan-Zhao’s work Erya Kuangming in terms of readjustment of loan words.(iii) To provide elaboration of Erya Kuangming based on The Annotation of Shuowenjiezi.(iv) To correct misstatements in Erya Kuangming based on the excavated documents.(v) To recognise and promote the book Erya Kuangming. There are five main findings from this comparative research paper, which contains around 420,000 words in Chinese –1. What was successful about Erya Kuangming.2. What was not successful about Erya Kuangming.3. The truth revealed by the excavated documents in Erya. 4. The commentaries on Erya Kuangming Shigu.5. The comparative analysis on Erya Kuangming Shigu and The Annotation of Shuowenjiezi in terms of the interpretation of text.