- 學位論文
中高齡者及高齡者就業之決定因素與就業促進
The Determinants of Employment and Employment Promotion for Senior and Middle-Aged Persons and Elders
摘要
近年，台灣政府為因應少子高齡化所造成的勞動力不足，於2019年年末施行《中高齡者及高齡者就業促進法》，儘管該法施行後台灣50歲以上的勞動參與率雖有所提升，但與其他主要國相比仍呈現相對較低的傾向。因此本研究旨在分析台灣50歲至70歲之中高齡者與高齡者就業的決定因素，期望能為政府在擬定相關政策法規時提供參考。 本研究係透過問卷調查蒐集台灣50歲至70歲之中高齡者及高齡者的就業情形與可能影響就業的制度、經濟性因素以及個人屬性等因素之統計資料，並使用Probit模型分析中高齡者及高齡者就業的決定因素。 主要結論為退休經驗、勞工保險老年給付資格、勞工退休金給付資格、國民年金保險老年年金給付、勞工保險老年給付、勞工退休金等制度、經濟性因素與中高齡者及高齡者就業呈負相關。個人屬性方面，年齡與中高齡者及高齡者就業呈負相關，而收入則與中高齡者及高齡者就業呈正相關。 基於研究結果，今後台灣政府在擬訂中高齡者及高齡者就業促進政策時，需考量如何提升具有退休經驗之中高齡者及高齡者重返勞動市場意願，同時也應評估現行年金制度與退休金制度是否需要進一步調整，進而改善國內勞動力不足的問題。
並列摘要
In recent years, the Taiwanese government enacted the “Middle-aged and Elderly Employment Promotion Act” at the end of 2019 to address labor shortages resulting from the declining birth rate and aging society. Alought the labor participation rate of those aged 50 and older in Taiwan has increased since the enactment of the Act, it remains low compared to other major countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of employment for Senior and Middle-Aged Persons and Elders, as well as seniors aged between 50 and 70 in Taiwan, aiming to provide insights for the Taiwanese government in formulating relevant policies and regulations. In this study, statistical data were collected through a questionnaire survey on institutional, economic and individual attribute factors that may affect employment of senior and middle-aged persons, elders and seniors aged between 50 and 70 in Taiwan. The study utilized the Probit model to analyze the determinants of employment for senior and middle-aged persons, elders and seniors. According to the results, the main conclusion is that age, retirement experience, eligibility for Labor Insurance Old-Age Benefits, eligibility for Labor Pension, Old-Age Pension Benefits of National Pension Insurance, Old-Age Pension Benefits of Labor Insurance, Labor Pension are negatively associated with the employment among the senior and middle-aged persons, elders and seniors. On the other hand, annual income is positively associated with employment among the senior and middle-aged persons, elders and seniors. Based on the result of this study, when the Taiwanese government formulates employment promotion policies for senior and middle-aged persons, elders and seniors, an important consideration will be which policies can provide incentives for them to re-enter the labor market. Simultaneously, an evaluation is needed to determine whether adjustments are necessary in the current pension system to address the demand and improve the domestic labor shortage.