戰後台灣山屋之歷史發展

本研究以台灣高山之歷史脈絡，探討山屋的生成條件與轉型；以資料比對方式，探討台灣戰後系統化興建之避難小屋、大型山屋，以及後來轉型的住宿型山莊；山屋自初始為避難建設、考量人為使用至後續成為生態的一部份，經歷多次轉型，在設計、外觀與機能上大有不同，並且從過去文獻中，得知山屋興建不易。自1978年起第一批避難小屋計畫，本文詳述整體興建過程，政府與登山組織各司其職，歷經多次繁瑣的籌備與研討，政府支援經費與計畫，登山組織進行路線探勘、建地調查，興建工程委託具有山林背景之專業人士提供建議；初期避難小屋之系統化興建，具有輕量、組合式優點，最終仍抵不過自然之力。 1985年，國家公園成立後重新審視舊有避難小屋之問題，並實行新式系統化建設；山屋歷經層層試驗，由少量興建觀察山屋維護狀態，至納入使用者需求，山屋設計不斷演變。 2000年代，國際化開放與生態意識抬頭，山屋設備、容量與舒適度持續提升。近年來，政府宣布全面開放山林，物質與意識形態的碰撞在未來仍持續發生。本文聚焦於山屋整體型態發展歷程，以地毯式整合過往有系統性興建之山屋，以供後人參考。

關鍵字

避難小屋；山屋；台灣山林；歷史脈絡

並列摘要

This study explores the conditions and transformation of mountain houses based on the historical context of Taiwan's mountains. It uses data comparison to explore the systematic construction of shelter huts, large mountain houses, and later transformation into accommodation-type mountain villas in Taiwan after the war. Mountain houses have been used as refuges since the beginning. From construction and consideration of human use to later becoming part of the ecology, it has gone through many transformations, with great differences in design, appearance and function. From past literature, it is known that the construction of mountain houses is not easy. Since the first batch of refuge huts were planned in 1978, this article details the overall construction process. The government and mountaineering organizations each performed their respective duties. After many tedious preparations and discussions, the government supported funds and plans, and the mountaineering organizations conducted route exploration, Professionals with mountain and forestry backgrounds were entrusted with the construction site survey and construction projects to provide suggestions; the systematic construction of the initial shelter huts had the advantages of being lightweight and modular, but ultimately could not withstand the force of nature. After the establishment of the national park in 1985, the issue of the old shelter huts was re-examined and new systematic construction was implemented. The mountain huts have gone through layers of experiments, from building a small amount to observing the maintenance status of the mountain huts to incorporating user needs, and the design of the mountain huts has continued to evolve. In the 2000s, with the rise of international openness and ecological awareness, mountain huts equipment, capacity and comfort continued to improve. In recent years, the government has announced the full opening of mountains and forests, and the collision between material and ideological matters will continue to occur in the future. This article focuses on the development process of the overall type of mountain huts, and integrates the systematic construction of mountain huts in the past in a carpet-like manner for future reference.