解析中國「強軍夢」下「人工智慧」發展之研究(2012-2022):建構主義「敵手共生」模式

本論文聚焦在中國人工智慧的發展，檢證習近平「強軍夢」下人工智慧發展。中國認為「實現中華民族偉大復興是中國人近代以來最偉大的夢想」，這個偉大的夢想就是「中國夢」，對軍隊來說，即為「強軍夢」。「人工智慧」(AI)是電腦系統等人造物，表現出來的像人類一樣思考，和行動的智慧，是研究基礎理論，並開發相關應用系統的科學。當前人工智慧發展取得突破性重大進展，並加速向軍事領域轉移，對戰爭型態產生衝擊甚至是顛覆性影響。在中國軍事現代化的發展中，正積極追求具有AI功能的系統及自主能力，運用AI解決軍事科技瓶頸，並提升對軍事目標的偵察，瞄準和打擊能力。本文運用溫特建構主義理論中的「敵手共生」模式，包含「軍工複合體」、「自群體的內在團結」及「投射認同」，檢視習近平2012年上台至今（2022年），中國於AI領域的政策面、組織面及資源面發展產生的影響，中國不斷在發展建構自己的AI企業；通過高科技方式鞏固自群體的內在團結，凝聚人民向心；以及善用中國的數據及學習優勢、建構對方為敵人之角色，此競逐過程預判短期間不會落幕。中國希冀能善用人工智慧，且在未來戰爭中整合「機械化」、「信息化」、「智慧化」的「三化」融合發展，使得在大國競爭中，能獲取較高成功之公算，隨著美、中軍事對抗和技術競爭不斷加劇，AI等高新科技為全球安全穩定帶來不確定因素，我國應對AI發展與相關安全事項，應有前瞻部署與規劃之準備，以應對未來科技新局勢之變化。

關鍵字

強軍夢；建構主義；敵手共生；人工智慧；智能化

並列摘要

This This thesis focuses on the development of artificial intelligence in China, and the author would like to examine and verify the development of artificial intelligence under Xi Jinping's "strong military dream". China believes that “realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream of the Chinese since modern times”, and this great dream is the “Chinese Dream”, and for the military, it is also the “dream of a strong military”. “Artificial intelligence” (AI) is the intelligence that an artifact, such as a computer system, displays while thinking and acting like a human being. It is a science that studies fundamental theories and develops related applications. Currently the development of artificial intelligence has made breakthroughs and major progress, and accelerated the transfer to military application, which has an impact or even a disruptive influence on the pattern of war. In the development of its military modernization, China is actively pursuing systems and autonomous capabilities with AI functions, using AI to solve military technology bottlenecks, and improving its detection, target acquisition and attacking capabilities of military targets Using the “adversarial symbiosis” pattern of Wendt’s constructivism, which includes the “military-industrial complex,” “intrinsic solidarity of the self-group,” and “projective identification,” this thesis examines China’s impact on regulatory, organizational, and resource development in the AI field since Xi Jinping took office in 2012, The struggle is not expected to end soon, as China continues to develop and construct its own AI enterprises; consolidate its internal solidarity and unite its people through high-technology; and leverage China’s data and learning advantages to shape its adversary into an enemy. China hopes to make the best use of AI and integrate the “triad” of mechanization, informatization, and intelligentization in future wars, so that it can achieve a higher chance of success in great power competition. As military confrontation and technological competition between the U.S. and China continue to intensify, new technologies such as AI bring uncertainty to global security and stability. In order to cope with the changes of the new technological situation in the future, Taiwan should be prepared for the development of AI and related security issues with forward planning.