- 學位論文
以人車衝突評估行人穿越設施設置研究
Applying Pedestrian-Vehicle Conflict on Evaluation of Pedestrian Crossing Facilities Installation
摘要
路口行人事故逐年上升，多數行人天橋及行人地下道等行人立體設施多以使用率不高為由拆除，但少數地方為促進行人使用行人立體設施增設電梯或手扶梯，引導行人使用行人立體設施增加行人穿越路口安全。多數研究以肇事次數為判斷路口衝突嚴重程度，進而判斷行人立體設施是否拆除之重要依據，本研究認為肇事次數為稀少事件，不應以肇事次數與使用率不高為由將行人立體設施拆除，需以嚴謹的評估方式判斷行人立體設施之適宜性。 本研究於平日上午尖峰時間錄影收集實際路口資料，利用PTV VISSIM微觀車流軟體建立實際路口環境並輸出車流量與車輛軌跡，將PTV VISSIM軟體輸出資料匯入美國聯邦公路局(FHWA)開發計算路口衝突之Surrogate Safety Assessment Model(SSAM)免費軟體，計算路口人車衝突情況，並建立多元線性迴歸及二元羅吉斯迴歸找出影響路口後侵占時間(Post-Encroachment Time,PET)及行人於路口是否發生衝突風險之因素。研究結果顯示(1)衝突程度事件數與第一進入衝突區群體為行人數或車輛數會影響後侵占時間(PET)減少；(2)車種會影響行人於路口穿越時發生衝突的風險；(3)可知衝突程度事件數、第一進入衝突區群體為行人數或車輛數及車種會影響路口人車衝突的因素，因此，將張堂賢(1989)提出之行人立體設施評估項目中肇事次數以路口衝突程度事件數代替，干擾行人車流量區分為干擾行人機車車流量、干擾行人小客車車流量與干擾行人公車車流量，並新增第一進入衝突區群體行人數或車輛數，其餘項目不更動，以更嚴謹的評估項目判斷路口行人立體設施適宜性，保障行人穿越路口安全。
並列摘要
Pedestrian accidents at intersections are increasing every year. Most overpasses and underpasses, such as overpasses and underpasses, are mostly demolished because of their low utilization. However, in some places, elevators or escalators are added to encourage pedestrians to use the overpass and underpass to guide pedestrians to use the overpass and underpass. Most studies consider the number of accidents as an important basis for judging the severity of the intersection conflict and determining whether the overpass and underpass are being removed. This study considers that there are few accidents. And the overpass and pedestrian underpass should not be removed due to the low number of accidents and low usage rates. The adequacy of the overpass and pedestrian underpass should be thoroughly examined. In the study, the actual intersection data was collected by video recording during morning rush hours on weekdays, and the simulated intersection environment was established using PTV VISSIM micro-traffic flow software to output traffic flow and vehicle trajectories. The Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) calculates the conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles at the intersection and establishes multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression to find out the Post-Encroachment Time (PET) that affects the intersection and whether pedestrians are at the intersection Factors of risk of conflict. The research results show: (1)the number of conflict events and the number of pedestrians or vehicles entering the conflict zone will affect the reduction of Post-Encroachment Time (PET); (2) the type of vehicle will affect the risk of conflict when pedestrians cross the intersection; (3)It can be seen that the factors of conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles at the intersection are affected by the number of incidents, the number of pedestrians, the number of vehicles and the type of vehicles that first enter the conflict zone. To ensure the safety of pedestrian crossing at intersections, a more effective approach can be applied by making the following changes: replacing the number of conflicts by the number of incidents that interfere with pedestrians and vehicles, dividing the traffic flow of pedestrians and vehicles into the flow of cars,scooters,and buses that interfere with pedestrians, adding the number of pedestrians or vehicles that first enter the conflict zone, and keeping the rest of the items unchanged.