- 學位論文
應用於穿戴式電子裝置之熱電能量擷取具超低自我啟動電壓升壓轉換器
Using Thermal Energy Source Boost Converter with Ultra-low Self-starting Voltage for Wearable Electronic Devices
摘要
穿戴式裝置自60年代發展至今，一直是人類文明不可忽視的區塊，由於過去受限於技術以及成本，往往都只限於國防、太空產業。直到2010年代，智慧型手機開始普及，許多大型企業紛紛投入穿戴式裝置的產品開發，讓一般名眾也能享受穿戴式裝置帶來的輔助功能以及便利生活。近年來，物聯網與5G行動網路技術的蓬勃發展，再次帶動了穿戴式以及耳戴式裝置研發，並且出現了〝智慧穿戴〞的名詞。受惠於製程技術的進步及聯網速度的提升，各大廠紛紛進行穿戴式裝置的軍備競賽，不斷的在裝置中加入各種功能與感測器。然而更好的運算效能以及更多的智慧功能換來的是更大的能源消耗，裝置續航力備受考驗。在穿戴式裝置的無線以及輕薄的條件限制下，環境能量擷取被廣泛的討論，如何使用環境中的能量，輔助甚至取代裝置中的電池，是現今主流研究方向。被拿出來討論研究的能量非常多種，常見包含振動、熱電、光能和射頻等能量。然而穿戴式裝置的出發點以人為本，不論是針對一般民眾的消費性穿戴式電子產品又或者是醫療用植入人體的穿戴式裝置，最直接能夠獲取的就是人類體溫，因此本論文將對熱電元件的原理背景以及電源管理電路做分析，目標設計一應用於穿戴式裝置的熱電能量升壓轉換器，並使用TSMC 90nm 1P9M CMOS製程做模擬及實現。電路主要分為升壓轉換器、超低壓啟動電路及電壓控制電路。為了能實現超低電壓啟動並進一步穩定轉換輸出電壓，本文也對過去文獻提出的解決方案做分析，並提出可以實現在50mV超低輸入電壓自我啟動。成功啟動升壓轉換器後，由閘極驅動器使用超低壓啟動電路及電壓控制電路產生之控制訊號對升壓轉換進行控制，最終透過三階段調節，可以提供1V的輸出電壓供後方電路使用。
並列摘要
Since its development in the 1960s, wearable devices have been an indispensable part of human civilization. Due to the limitations of technology and cost in the past, they were often only used in the military and space industries. Until the 2010s that smartphones became popular, and many large enterprises were investing in the development of wearable devices, allowing the general public to enjoy the accessibility and convenience of wearable devices. In recent years, the vigorous development of the Internet of Things and 5G mobile network technologies has once again driven the development of wearable and ear-worn devices, and the term "smart wear" has appeared. Benefiting from the progress of process technology and the improvement of the speed of networking, Developer have been engaged in the arms race of wearable devices, and constantly add a variety of functions and sensors in the device. However, better computing efficiency and more intelligent features in exchange for greater energy consumption, so the device's endurance is tested. Under the constraints of wireless and thin and lightweight conditions of wearable devices, environmental energy harvesting is widely discussed. How to use energy in the environment to aid or even replace batteries in the device is the mainstream research direction of today. There are many kinds of energy, including vibration, thermoelectricity, solar energy and radio frequency. However, the starting point of the wearable device is people-oriented. Whether it is a consumer wearable electronic product for the general public or a medical wearable device implanted in the human body, the most direct acquisition of energy is the human body temperature. Therefore, this paper will analyze the principle background of thermoelectric components and the power management circuit, the target design of a thermoelectric energy boost converter applied to wearable devices, and use the TSMC 90nm 1P9M CMOS process for simulation and implementation. The circuit is mainly divided into boost converter, ultra-low voltage starting circuit and voltage control circuit. In order to achieve ultra-low voltage start-up and further stabilize the conversion of output voltage, this paper also analyzes the solutions proposed in the past literature and proposes that it can achieve self-start-up at an ultra-low input voltage of 50mV. After the boost converter is successfully started, the gate driver uses the control signal generated by the ultra-low voltage start circuit and the voltage control circuit to control the boost conversion. Finally, through the three-stage adjustment, the proposed circuit can provide an output voltage of 1V for the rear circuit.