- 學位論文
臺灣的後彎勞動供給曲線：實證、差異與解釋
The Backward-Bending Supply Curve of Labor in Taiwan: Empirical Evidence, Difference and Interpretation
摘要
本研究使用行政院主計處的「人力運用調查」資料，進行了深入分析。研究首先對工時和薪資進行了初步統計，發現男女在薪資上依然存在顯著差異，並探討了工作時數的性別差異及其背後原因。使用最小平方法（OLS）進行迴歸分析，證實了變數對薪資的影響符合預期。 此外，分析了勞動後彎曲線，揭示了在後彎區段中職位選擇偏好的變化，以及男女間的顯著差異。研究發現，過去男性主要從事體力勞動而女性從事辦公室工作的趨勢正在改變，教師職位的增強，性別比例也趨向平衡。 進一步分析指出，勞動市場的性別薪資差異來自於勞動者的職位偏好及家庭分工。本研究也回顧了台灣近年來的重大經濟事件，如SARS、金融海嘯及COVID-19疫情，這些事件對勞動市場造成了顯著影響，特別是在工作時數方面。 綜合以上研究結果，建議政府應加強對勞工權益的保護，提升薪資議價能力，並促進減少薪資差異。同時，政策應持續關注勞工的工作環境，以應對未來可能的經濟挑戰，為勞工創造更好的工作條件和生活質量。
並列摘要
This study aims to utilize labor research data from Department of Accounting and Statistics of Executive Yuan for in-depth analysis. Initially, preliminary statistics are based on working hours and salaries, revealing significant gender disparities in wages and exploring the reasons behind differences in working hours between genders. Regression analysis using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) confirms that the variables' impacts on wages are as expected. Moreover, the study further analyzes the labor supply elasticity curve, uncovering changes in job preferences within the elastic segment and significant differences between men and women. The study has found that the historical trend of men primarily engaging in physical labor and women in office work is evolving, with an increasing preference for teaching positions leading to a more balanced gender ratio. Further analysis highlights that gender wage disparities in the labor market stem from job preferences and family division of labor. The study also reviews major economic events in Taiwan in recent years, including: SARS, 2008 financial crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly impact the Taiwan labor market, particularly in terms of working hours. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the government should strengthen protection of labor rights, enhance wage negotiation capabilities, and promote policies to reduce wage disparities. Additionally, policies should continuously focus on improving the working environment for laborers in order to address potential future economic challenges and enhance overall job conditions and quality of life for labors.