日本「地方創生」之研究：政策與實踐

經歷工業革命及情報社會之後，人類想盡辦法透過興建公共設施與先進技術，來達到生活便利的目標，但是偏鄉地區與農村的社會樣貌似乎停滯不前，且正引發人口流失的問題，而人口數急速下滑，造成「地方消滅」的現象發生。在經濟、科技與能源持續進步的背景下，經濟紅利的優勢並未影響農漁村的運作系統。尤其是日本和台灣，皆正面臨著人口衝擊、城鄉失衡，以及地方衰落等社會問題。政府為了緩解這些負面影響，分別提出其解決方案。在日本方面，2014年政府提出「地方創生」，而五年後台灣亦提出「地方創生」的概念，期待以政策來克服人口減少、減緩地方經濟縮小，及確立城鎮、人口、就業之創生「好循環」。關於「地方創生」為何？本研究主要以日本「地方創生」為中心進行研究，探討了地方創生「原委」、「定義」、「重要性」、「政策沿革」和「政府是否主動介入地方創生」。另外，在研究「地方創生」的同時，也發現國際間「地方對地方」的地域合作和實踐，是一項重要的「戰略」。由日本松山市與台灣松山區之案例進行分析與研究，探討兩地方共同建立平等互惠合作關係之重要性。

關鍵字

地方創生；地方消滅；地方衰退；締結友好城市

並列摘要

After the Industrial Revolution and Information Society, human beings are trying to achieve the goal of convenience through the construction of public facilities and advanced technology. However, the social appearance of rural areas seems to be stagnating, and it is causing the problem of population loss, and the population is rapidly declining, resulting in the phenomenon of “regional extinction”. In the context of continuous progress in economy, technology and energy, the advantages of economic dividends have not affected the operation system of agricultural and fishing villages. Japan and Taiwan, in particular, are facing demographic shocks, rural-urban imbalances, and local decay. In order to alleviate these negative effects, the government put forward corresponding solutions. In Japan, the government put forward the concept of “Regional Revitalization” in 2014, and Taiwan also put forward the concept of “Regional Revitalization” five years later, hoping to overcome population decline, slow down local economic contraction, and establish a cycle of urban, population and employment creation through policies. What about “regional revitalization”? This study mainly focuses on “regional revitalization” in Japan, and discusses the “origin”, “definition”, “importance”, “policy evolution” and “whether the government actively intervenes in regional revitalization”. In addition, while studying “regional revitalization”, it is also found that the regional cooperation and practice of “regional to regional” is an important “strategy”. A case study of Matsuyama City in Japan and Songshan District in Taiwan is carried out to discuss the importance of establishing equal and mutually beneficial cooperation between the two places.