基因科技發展對保險業之影響分析

基因科技的發展使得人們可以藉由基因檢測來預測未來的健康狀況及罹病機率，醫學領域不斷進步，檢測速度加快，費用亦由過往的天價到現在很多人也能負擔，隨著民眾觀念轉變和基因檢測成本的逐漸下降，未來或許基因檢測也是一種醫學上的診斷。傳統保險業的風險管理累積了數百年的經驗傳承。高風險的客戶群購買保險通常比較主動積極，但是這些客戶的生意卻可能虧錢；反之，優質的低風險客戶，購買保險通常比較被動消極，並且缺乏時間上的迫切感。危險逆選擇始終是保險業經營上必須嚴肅面對之重要課題。基因檢測技術發展迅速而相關保險基因資訊披露政策沒跟上的情況下，很有可能危及保險業這個大量仰賴醫學資訊做為費率與理賠的行業。本文介紹各主要國家及我國在基因資訊於保險議題上之作法，就反對基因資訊作為核保依據所提出的理由，以保險法理上的基礎提出辨正，並提出隨著大數據的發展，風險評估將愈來愈精準，未來基因解密的技術更成熟後，或許將能精算個人的疾病發生率，保險規範應隨科技之發展與時俱進。最後並提出相關建議，期盼藉由本文，希冀有助於我國未來制訂基因資訊政策之參考。

關鍵字

基因資訊；基因檢測；基因歧視；逆選擇；核保；精算公平

並列摘要

The development of genetic sciences allows people to predict the future health conditions and the chances of developing diseases through genetic testing. The medical field is constantly improving, the detection speed is increasing, and the cost is also from the historical price.Nowadays, many people can also afford it. With the change of people’s concepts and With the gradual decline in the cost of genetic testing, genetic testing may be a medical diagnosis in the future. The traditional insurance industry has accumulated hundreds of years of experience in risk management. High-risk customer bases are usually more proactive in buying insurance.However, the business of these customers may lose money. Conversely, high-quality, low-risk customers, buying insurance is usually passive and negative, and lack of time urgency. Adverse selection has always been an important issue that must be seriously faced by the insurance industry. With the rapid development of genetic testing technology and the failure to keep up with relevant insurance gene information disclosure policies, it is likely to endanger the insurance industry, a large number of industries relying on medical information as rates and claims. This article describes the practice of genetic information in insurance issues in major countries and in Taiwan, and proposes the grounds for opposing genetic information as an underwriting basis. It proposes the basis of insurance legal principles and proposes that with the development of big data, risk assessment More and more accurate, and after the technology of future gene decryption becomes more mature, it may be able to calculate the incidence of individual diseases.Insurance standards should keep pace with the development of science and technology. At the end, it put forward related suggestions and hopes to use this article to hope that Taiwan will help formulate genetic information policy in the future.