中共海外補給戰略之研究─以吉布地港為例

自2015年中共與吉布地達成協議，在吉布地港建設後勤保障基地，用於中共海軍在此休整運補，由此可見，中共對地中海到印度洋一帶的佈局，不斷展示其發展海軍遠洋能力。 2017年8月1日中共正式啟用吉布地海外「後勤保障基地」，是否為海外「軍事基地」，早已成為外界關注之焦點，另不論從基礎建設投資、市場開發、原物料與資源獲取方面切入，由中共透過對吉布地的經貿投資合作來看，具有潛藏著軟、硬體延伸擴大建設的伏筆。中共在吉布地建立的後勤保障基地，實乃軍事外交手段的升級，由於該軍事基地與「一帶一路」戰略相互結合，一改過去多以建立軍事關係、高層互訪、軍事交流、軍售、技術轉移。吉布地基地除具地理位置之便利性，該基地的正式啟用，加以愈臻完善設施與功用，至少已具備陸海及部份的空中後勤保障能量，除滿足解放軍後勤保障上主要需求來源，亦可成為適切的中轉基地，具有雙重的價值與意義。由此，本文將先從中共海軍戰略發展闡述背景及過程，有助於瞭解中共建立海外補給港動機，接著從吉布地戰略位置，分析中共在此建立基地的戰略構想，從政治、經濟與外交等主軸來探討中共於吉布地建立海外補給港的戰略。

關鍵字

吉布地；亞丁灣；補給港；海外軍事基地；「21世紀海上絲綢之路」

並列摘要

Since 2015, the CCP and Djibouti have reached an agreement to build a logistics support base in Djibouti Port for the PLA(People's Liberation Army of China) Navy to take a break from it. This shows that the PRC layout of the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean continues to demonstrate its goal of the development of naval oceans capabilities. On August 1, 2017, China officially opened the Djibouti overseas "logistics support base"or not. Whether it is an overseas "military base" has long been the focus of external attention, regardless of infrastructure investment, market development, raw materials and resource acquisition. From the perspective of the China economic and trade investment cooperation with Djibouti, there is a foreshadowing of the extension of soft and hard-core expansion. The China logistical support base was established in Djibouti is an upgrade of military diplomacy. Because of the combination of the military base and the "One Belt, One Road"initiative and strategy, has changed former military relations, high-level visits, military exchanges, arms sales, Technology transfer, in addition to the geographical convenience of the Djibouti base, the official opening of the base, to improve the facilities and functions, at least has the land and sea and part of the air logistics support energy, in addition to meet the main needs of the PLA logistics support. It can also become an appropriate transit base with dual value and significance. Therefore, this article will first explain the background and process from the strategic development of the PLA navy, and help to understand the PLA motives for establishing overseas replenishment ports, and then analyze the strategic concept of the CCP's establishment of the base from the strategic position of Djibouti, from politics, economy and diplomacy.Lastly,the anther to explore the strategy of the PLA to establish an overseas supply port in Djibouti.