臺灣高等教育對犯罪類型之影響:空間計量方法應用

近年來，因廣設高中以及大學成為教育政策的核心主軸，使得大學數量迅速擴充，因而導致不少對於大學數量過多的質疑聲浪興起，如升格過度快速，對於學校品質感到疑慮以及資源缺乏效率。此外，與過去大學錄取率相比，目前大學已經不再是高不可攀的教育層級，故雖然學生在學歷上的名目年數增加，但對於實質教育水準卻沒與之成正比，加上過去曾發生不少高知識份子賄選、殺人、業務侵占、挪用公款等案件，以及近期，頻頻發生大學校園情殺案件，如高等學歷學生因感情糾紛而謀殺同學案件層出不窮，社會普遍認為的高知識份子應具備相對道德感等觀念逐漸被打破，造成部分民眾對於高等教育之必要性產生疑慮。因此，本研究使用臺灣本島十九個縣市，期間為2000至2017年共18年的資料並且使用空間計量方法，並加入大專及以上教育程度、前一期平均警政支出、失業率、平均每人每年所得、人口密度以及平均每人社會福利支出作為解釋變數，探討臺灣高等教育對於犯罪率之影響，消除社會大眾對於高等教育之必要性的疑慮以及比較有無考慮空間外溢之估計結果。研究結果顯示，大專及以上教育程度、前一期平均警政支出，社會福利支出對於犯罪率具有負向關係，失業率及人口密度對於犯罪率則有正向影響，而縣市的犯罪率則有空間群聚的現象，即某縣市之犯罪率上升時，其鄰近縣市之犯罪率亦會受到影響導致上升。最後經由本研究可得知，高等教育的投資並不會對社會產生壞處，而是利大於弊，且能夠有效降低犯罪的發生。

關鍵字

高等教育；犯罪率；空間計量

並列摘要

In recent years, the wide establishment of high schools and universities has already become the core for education policy in Taiwan. With that being said, the number of universities began to increase dramatically over the years and hence, the public were starting to question the lack of resources and doubt the quality of these universities. Apart from that, if one were to pursue higher education in Taiwan, the entry barrier to universities are not high anymore when compared to the standard of higher education decades ago. Although there are many fresh graduates in the society, but the quality and standard of the current higher education were being doubt by the public. Also, the public have no trust and lost their faith in regards with the moral, attitude and ethnicity of these fresh graduates. The reason behind this matter is due to the many incidents of knowledgeable individual committing serious crimes in the past such as bribery, murder, embezzlement, employee theft and so-on. Moreover, various murder case were committed by university students in the recent years and the murder motive of these murder cases were all because of relationship issues. As we can see from this point of view, if an individual is a knowledgeable person and pursued higher education, he or she will think thoroughly before making any act or decision, and thus, will not commit such serious crime in the first place. The selection of data for this study are 19 cities in Taiwan and the data selected are from year 2000 to 2017, with a total of 18 years. As for the method used, this study uses spatial measurement method. The standard of higher education, the average policing expenditure in the previous period, unemployment rate, average annual income per person, population density and the average social welfare expenditure per person are used as independent variable. The aims of the study are to explore the effect of higher education on the expansion of crime rates in Taiwan, eliminate the public doubts regarding on the necessity of higher education and compare the estimated results of spatial spillovers. The results of the study shows that higher education, the average policing expenditure in the previous period, and the social welfare expenditure have negative impact on the crime rates in Taiwan. The unemployment rate and population density will affect the crime rates in a positive way. There is a phenomenon of spatial clustering with crime rate in the cities. To be in detail, when the crime rate of a particular city increases, the crime rate of neighboring cities will also increase. In conclusion, this study shows that investment in higher education does not cause any harm or have any negative impacts to the society. On the contrary, it can also reduce the criminal incidents effectively and efficiently.