- 學位論文
墨西哥電視集團Televisa市場壟斷地位演變之研究
The Study on the Evolution of Monopoly Position of the Mexican Mass Media: The Case of Televisa
摘要
隨著衛星和有線電視的發展，電視已然成為了現代人生活中不可或缺的部分，即使在網際網路技術不斷發展普及的今天，仍然是墨西哥受眾最廣，最有影響力和最受墨西哥人喜愛的媒體，墨西哥最大的電視媒體—特萊維薩集團（Grupo Televisa，以下簡稱Televisa），在經歷Emilio Azcárraga家族三代經營下，成為了西班牙語電視市場的巨擘，然而隨著衛星訊號服務的發展，以及隨之而來的電視與電信整合服務的普及，也為Televisa帶來新的競爭挑戰。 本論文從壟斷、管制、政企關係的角度切入，來探究Televisa的壟斷地位形成之過程，進而深入研究前期與後期壟斷地位的差別，筆者認為Televisa壟斷地位可以1993年作為分界點，前期由於Televisa與革命制度黨（Partido Revolucionario Institucional，以下簡稱PRI）過度緊密之關係，電視市場受到政府管制並特發許可權，使得Televisa能成功整合產業並向外擴張，後期市場自由化後，雖有新市場競爭者，但前期壟斷性地位延續，加上政商關係模式轉變，自1980年代中期以後大企業相對於政府權力大增，Televisa持續坐擁最大市場佔有率，2000年後面對全球化的市場，Televisa經由影響立法來維持自身市場地位也飽受爭議。
並列摘要
With the development of satellite and cable TV, television has become an indispensable part of modern life. Even with the continuous development and popularization of Internet technology, it is still the most popular, influential and popular in Mexico. The most popular media in Mexico, Grupo Televisa, the largest TV media in Mexico, has become a giant in the Spanish-language TV market under the management of the Emilio Azcárraga family. However, with the development of satellite signal services and the popularization of TV and telecommunications integration services have also brought new competitive challenges to Televisa. This thesis explores the formation process of Televisa’s monopoly position from the perspectives of monopoly, regulation, and government-enterprise relations, and further studies the differences between the early and late monopoly positions. The excessively close relationship with the Revolutionary Institutional Party (PRI), the TV market is regulated by the government and special licenses are issued, enabling Televisa to successfully integrate the industry and expand outward. After the market liberalization in the later stage, although there are new markets Competitors, but the continuation of the monopoly position in the early stage, coupled with the transformation of the relationship between government and business, since the mid-1980s, the power of large enterprises relative to the government has increased greatly. Televisa has continued to have the largest market share. After 2000, facing the global market, Televisa's efforts to influence legislation to maintain its market position have also been controversial.