未來互助系統下的集體生活研擬－以現今隱性弱勢族群為例

「住宅」是建築中最基本的單元，住宅的集合組成了規模不一的聚落，而住宅之外的延伸則是公共性的都市空間與設施。總體而言，城市的結構樣貌與社會文化的一切，是由住宅而衍生出的。然而隨著時代的變遷，過去社會營運的模式早已不適用於今日的大環境之中，不論是現今社會的分工結構或是定居的狀態，都因模式與組成關係的不同，進而出現了許多不屬於政府定義下的「隱性弱勢族群」。如何因應當代隱性弱勢族群的生活需求，提出理想的居住模式，便是本研究的主要目標。　　　為此，本研究透過建立一種「互助系統」擴大對於「家」的定義，來支應現今社會住房的需求。除了減緩社會扶助系統的負擔，同時也釋放隱性弱勢族群在生活中的困難。是在不完全仰賴外部資源的介入下，使隱性弱勢族群成為彼此間的照護者與支援者。互助系統不單只是經濟資源的提供，而是實質的給予和交換，是一種人與人之間「互利互惠」的模式。這時的住宅就不像過去是個單體的問題，而是一個集體的聚落、一個集體的居住行為與模式的建立。　　　然而在社會中的每個人所面臨的問題種類繁多，身處的環境也不盡相同，以及對於互助與集居生活的接受度也有所差異。本研究試圖將這些隱性弱勢族群類型化，探尋人與人之間互相的關聯性與互助系統建立的可能性，同時撇除因親情與階級下產生的互助。強調人與人之間實質上的利益交換，並探討其中的核心問題，而不是統一性的原則。本研究相信透過大尺度規模的基本類型學上研擬，並提出結構性的思考與問題，可以解決現今社會中一定層度上的問題，但還是需要透過實際的社福團體加以輔助，才能解決更細緻的個案問題。目的不是建立一個完整的系統，而是探尋互助系統存在的機會，以及在互助系統的建立下，對於住宅的物質層面與建築型態的影響。

關鍵字

互助系統；隱性弱勢族群；集體生活；住宅；定居

並列摘要

The residence is the most fundamental unit of construction, the concentration of the residence form the settlement on various scales. The extension out of the residence is the public urban space and facility. Generally speaking, everything in the appearance of the urban structure and social culture is deprived by the residents. Along with the change of the era, the model of social operation in the past no longer fits the environment nowadays, no matter the structure for the division of the work or the status of settling down, further the many recessive underprivileged groups appear which are not belong to the government’s definition due to the difference between the model and constitutive relation. How we react to the living demand of the recessive underprivileged groups and propose the ideal residential model is the primary goal of this research. 　　　The study enlarges the definition of“ home”, to fulfill the demand for housing in society through the establishment of the mutual aid system. It will not only relieve the burden of the social aid system but also release the difficulties the recessive underprivileged group encountered in living. Under the condition not to completely rely on the involvement of external resources, which enables the recessive underprivileged group to become the mutual caregiver and supporters. The mutual system does not only provide economic resources but also gives away practical give and exchange, which is a mutually beneficial model among people. At that time residence is no longer a single unit issue like before but an establishment of behavior and model for collective living. 　　　Nevertheless, the person in the society faces a variety of issues, and in the environment is different from one another, the acceptance varies to mutual aid and collective living. The study tried to categorize the recessive underprivileged group and to explore the possibility to establish relativity and mutual aid system, in the meantime getting rid of the interaction due to the family connection/love and hierarchy. And stressed the benefits of exchange in reality among peoples, to explore and discuss the issue of the core Instead of the principle of unification. The study believes through the largest scale research on basic categories, and submitting the structural thinking and questions, can resolve the issue happened in a certain degree nowadays in society, but still in demand of actual aid from the social welfare group as an auxiliary, which enable to conduct the more delicate personal case. The purpose is not going to build a well- construct system, but to explore the chance of survival of mutual aid system, and under the construction of mutual aid system, the material layer of the residence and the influence made to the pattern of construction.