- 學位論文
臺灣早期療育發展歷程（1980-2020）
The Process of Early Intervention Development in Taiwan(1980-2020)
摘要
當今臺灣社會面臨人口結構的變化，在出生率下降的少子化議題下，接續而來是大眾對於人口品質的關注，因此兒童教育及發展逐漸受到重視。早期療育（Early intervention）係以六歲以下發展遲緩（Developmental delay）兒童為服務對象，進而協助發展遲緩兒童及其家庭獲得資源與照顧，以減少家庭負擔及長期社會成本與醫療上的支出。然而，臺灣早期療育服務中，較少以脈絡化的角度探討早期療育在臺灣的發展。本研究目的以發展遲緩的早期療育兒童為主要關懷對象，透探討1980至2020年間臺灣早期療育服務的發展歷程。本文藉由文獻分析法、歷史研究法與訪談法，爬梳政府單位報告、私人機構出版品及學術期刊，並透過郭煌宗醫師專訪，以釐清發展遲緩兒童定義與早期療育相關理論，進而探討近40年臺灣早期療育發展。研究結果顯示，自1990年代，在私人機構推動早期療育服務之下，政府而後擴大發展遲緩兒童早期療育服務相關內容。臺灣早期療育透過法源規範確立服務模式，在政策修正的過程中，早期療育服務系統包含個人、家庭、專業人員及政府角色甚至社會環境。本研究認為生態觀點與全人照顧的理念，不僅包含早期療育服務系統的運作，亦反應臺灣早期療育服務模式演變過程。本研究期望透過建構早期療育在臺灣40年的發展歷程，提供社會對發展遲緩兒童早期療育服務之關注。
並列摘要
Taiwanese society is facing changes in population structure, leading to growing concerns about the quality of the population. As a result, early childhood education and development are receiving increasing attention. Early intervention is a service for children under six years old with developmental delays, providing resources and care to these children and their families to reduce family burdens and long-term social and medical costs. However, there has been little research on the development of early intervention in Taiwan from a contextual perspective. This research explores the development of early intervention services in Taiwan from 1980 to 2020, with a focus on children with developmental delays. This study uses literature analysis, historical research, and interview methods to examine government reports, private organization publications, and academic journals. Through an exclusive interview with Dr. Kuo Huan-tsung, this study clarifies the definition of children with developmental delays and theories related to early treatment, and discusses the past 40 years of Taiwan’s early intervention development. The results show that since the 1990s, the government has expanded its services for children with developmental delays through the promotion of early intervention services by private organizations. Taiwan’s early intervention services have been established through legislation, and during the process of policy revision, the early intervention service system includes individuals, families, professionals, government roles, and even social environments. This article argues that an ecological perspective and a holistic care approach not only encompass the operation of the early intervention service system but also reflect the evolution of Taiwan’s early intervention service model.Ultimately, this study hopes to raise social awareness of early intervention services for children with developmental delays by constructing a 40-year history of early intervention development in Taiwan.