墮胎合法化之研究：以阿根廷為例（1986-2024)

阿根廷身為拉丁美洲的人權先鋒國，在獲取墮胎合法化的過程中，面臨許多挑戰與變革。通過比較美國、愛爾蘭及其他拉丁美洲國家的相關立法經驗，剖析阿根廷在墮胎議題上的進展及影響，釐清影響墮胎合法化的社會、政治與文化因素。阿根廷於2018年墮胎法案首次帶入國會進行辯論，然而在綠色浪潮、NUM社會運動推動下，仍以失敗收場，但為2020年墮胎合法化的過程，給予社會運動及國會奠定了法案推動的基礎。本文主要探討阿根廷墮胎合法化的歷史背景、法律改革轉捩點、相關社會運動及法律實施所遭遇的困境。以阿根廷成功推動墮胎合法化法案，顯示了社會運動的巨大影響力與政治領袖的立場對法案通過的重要性。

關鍵字

阿根廷；墮胎合法化；墮胎；社會運動；拉丁美洲

並列摘要

Argentina, as a pioneer of human rights in Latin America, faced numerous challenges and transformations in the process of achieving the legalization of abortion. By comparing the legislative experiences of the United States, Ireland, and other Latin American countries, this study analyzes Argentina's progress and influence on the abortion issue, clarifying the social, political, and cultural factors that impact abortion legalization. In 2018, Argentina's abortion bill was introduced for debate in Congress for the first time. However, despite the Green Wave movement and NUM social movements' efforts, the bill failed to pass. Nevertheless, this laid the groundwork for the eventual success of the 2020 abortion legalization process, providing a solid foundation for further advocacy by social movements and Congress. This thesis primarily explores the historical background, key turning points in legal reforms, the role of social movements, and the challenges faced during the implementation of abortion laws in Argentina. Argentina's success in legalizing abortion demonstrates the significant influence of social movements and the critical role of political leaders in the bill's passage.