摘要
薩爾瓦多因長期資源壟斷、貧富差距大，加上天災、內戰等因素，導致逃離至國外尋求庇護的人口相當多，然而，能取得合法身份與政治庇護的案例只佔少數，致使許多薩國移民只能以非法身份入境美國，直到1986年美國實施「移民改革與控制法」後有所改善。 1992年簽屬和平協議宣告內戰結束後，於1998年及2001年接連面臨天災的襲擊，美國因而提供「臨時保護條款」，使薩國人民得以合法居留美國，也讓薩國政府有時間重建家園。 然而，美國薩裔移民家庭收入與子女教育程度也與美國有段落差，導致該國人民與美國人間有段落差，形成社會地位不平等的情況。儘管如此，薩國人民仍堅持選擇外移，不僅因為該國經濟狀況改善幅度小、幫派勢力猖獗以及移民先賢在美國所建立的人脈與環境，皆成為薩國人民前往美國的重要拉力。 此外，除了成年移民，未成年兒少也為了追求更好的經濟機會、擁有良好的教育環境，遠離幫派威脅、期盼家庭團聚等因素，不惜鋌而走險前往美國。 本論文以推拉理論為主要軸心，介紹及歸納薩爾瓦多國人移民美國的背景、原因與現況外，並針對薩國未成年兒少移民潮進行分析。
並列摘要
Due to long term scarcity in resources, large poverty gap, natural disasters, and civil war, many Salvadorans had escaped from El Salvador to seek refuges in other countries, especially in the United States of America, despite that most of them can only enter USA in an illegal manner, up until 1985 whereby USA implemented IRCA to smoothen legal migration into USA. Even after signing peace agreement in 1992 to end the civil war in El Salvador, Salvadorans faces large scale natural disasters in 1998 and 2001, which displaced people. To allow El Salvador government has enough time to rebuild their homeland, USA had provided “Temporary Protected Status” to Salvadorans to reside in USA legally. However, Salvadoran migrants have large income and education gap compared to US-born citizens, causing a large social inequality between them. Despite that, the lack of change in El Salvador’s economy situation, gang violence, vast interpersonal network created by their predecessors, and good environment, which makes up the pull factors for Salvadorans to migrate to the United States. Apart from adult migration, dangerous migration by unaccompanied alien children (UACs) which seeks better economic and education opportunity, avoiding gang violence and family reunification had also been important factors of migration. This thesis aims to analyze the background, factors, and recent situation of Salvadorans migration to USA specifically on UACs by using push and pull theory as a core.