- 學位論文
生物可分解PLA、PBS摻合物的相容性、結晶行為、形態學及性質之應用
Miscibility, crystallization behaviors, morphologies, properties, applications of biodegradable PLA, PBS and blends
摘要
此文獻回顧會分為兩部份。第一部份集中於PLA/PEG和加上添加劑後的結構、性質和應用。第二部份則會集中PBS和其他摻合物的影響。對環境友善高分子之研究在現在是不斷上升，以解決地球上的污染及能源問題，及應對生醫市場需要的提升。聚乳酸(PLA)的可再生性、無毒、可生物相容及分解性都符合了作為對環境友善材料的條件。但是PLA的斷裂伸不佳、透氣性不佳、慢的分解速率影響了不少的應用。高分子摻合是一個理想的改善方法，因為它能夠將另一個高分子的性質也帶出，而改變了摻合後材料的性質。聚乙二醇(PEG)是一個經FDA認證的俱生物相容及無毒的材料，並與PLA有良好的相容性，而塑化作用是可以改善PLA的缺點。當有機和無機奈米材料也摻合時，由於對它的分佈及相容的機制了解程度不足，因此相關研究的挑戰較大。另外，琥珀酸和1,4-丁二醇為主的原材料被發現可源自生物質，因此琥珀類的脂肪族高分子也受到了關注。聚丁二酸丁二醇酯 (PBS)是除 PLA 外另一個常被研究的高分子，這是在於每年來自Showa Highpolymer十萬噸的生產。PBS是一個高結晶度、低玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)、高延展性的材料。跟其他生物聚合物比較，它的性質相應平衡。良好的熱處理使PBS易於工業加工，良好的伸縮性使它在薄膜的製造過程中不需要用到塑化劑。但是，PBS仍有低熔融度、高柔軟度、透氣性不佳、價格高的缺點。PBS和PLA都是高度商品化的可分解材料，因此對這兩個材料的摻合物是受到高度重視。一般來說，PLA/PBS由於相容性不佳，因此兩者的摻合物之機械性質並沒有預期理想。PBS也有跟其他聚合物作摻合，一來可以將兩者的優異性質帶到摻合物上，二來也可以為PBS提供適合的EOL路徑。在作者的理解，關於 PLA/PEG的性質相關文獻之論文仍欠缺，PBS和其他聚合物之摻合物並沒有被廣範報告，因此這裡都會被討論。
並列摘要
This review is divide into two parts. The first part focus on the structure, properties and applications of PLA/PEG blends including its additives. The second part focus on PBSs with its blends. Nowadays, researches on environmental friendly polymers are increasing to solve the pollution and resources problems on earth, and increase in demand on biomedical market. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) meets the requirements of its renewable, bio-based, non-toxic, and have both biocompatibility and biodegradable properties as an eco-friendly material. However, poor elongation at break, gas permeability and slow degradation rate limit some applications. Blending is a promising strategy for the improvements, as it brings various advantages of another polymer, thus change its properties. Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) received approval by FDA by its biocompatibility and non-toxic properties, and it shows good miscibility with PLA. The plasticizing effect is able to overcome the drawbacks of PLA. The incorporation of organic and inorganic nanoparticles to the blends remains a challenge on its properties enhancement due to mechanism of its dispersion and miscibility isn't clearly understood. Succinated-derived aliphatic polymers attract attentions recently after succinic acid and 1-4 butanediol are reported to be bio-based. Poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) is one of the most studied polymer other from PLA, thanks to a high production with 100,000 tons per year by Showa Highpolymer. PBS is a highly crystalline polymer with low Tg and excellent ductility, with more balanced properties compare with other biopolymers. Good thermal processability lead PBS easily further process by using different industrial techniques. Good flexibility lead PBS widely use on film production without any plasticizers required. However, PBS still consists of several drawbacks such as low melt viscosity, excessive softness, poor gas barrier property and high cost. As both PBS and PLA are highly commercially available polymer with biodegradability, researches regarding to the blending of these two polymers drew relatively high attention. Generally, the mechanical properties of PLA/PBS blends aren’t expected good due to its poor miscibility. PBS is also blend with other polymers to provide each advantageous properties to each polymers, and provide suitable end-of-life route to PBS. To best of the author’s knowledge, a review summarizing PLA/PEG blends is lacking. PBS blends with other polymers aren’t been greatly reported also as most concerned on blending with PLA. Therefore, it will be review in literature here.