公共自行車跨雙北旅次特性分析

公共自行車之研究過往多以單一縣市行政區域為範圍，缺乏對於跨縣市旅次特性之瞭解。台北市與新北市之間往返旅次量大，雙北均積極推動公共自行車並持續完善自行車通行廊道，可成為跨市公共運輸服務的一種選擇。鑑此，本研究以台北至新北之跨市YouBike旅次為標的，對照台北市境內YouBike旅次，掌握這兩類型旅次特性的異同，以統計方法分析2023年3月之82,914筆跨市旅次、3,698,359筆境內旅次資料，探討租用時間長度、時段分布、費用、跨市旅次分布區域及起迄端點與捷運站之關係。其次，篩選出跨市旅次量前200名的起迄對，擷取Google Map之各該起迄對的建議路徑旅行時間，再對照YouBike實際租用時間，以瞭解YouBike旅次中停行為與效益，另從Google Map得出各該起迄對的建議路徑距離與上、下坡高差累積值，作為雙北YouBike電輔車配置的建議依據。研究結果顯示：(1) 跨市旅次租賃時間大多在30-60分鐘，平日平均租用37.5分鐘，假日為60.6分鐘；境內旅次時間以30分鐘內為主，平日平均14.8分鐘，假日為20.1分鐘。(2) 跨市旅次平日主要發生於7:00-8:00與17:00-18:00，假日為14:00-16:00；境內旅次平日分布於8:00-9:00、12:00-13:00與17:00-19:00，假日則集中於9:00-17:00。(3) 跨市旅次平日租賃費用平均9.6元，假日為16.6元；境內平日平均4.4元，假日為5.9元。(4) 平日跨市旅次一端點鄰近捷運站的佔比為36.6%，具有捷運接駁性質，兩端點均鄰近捷運站的佔比為5.2%，與捷運競爭，高達58.3%的平日跨市旅次端點未鄰近捷運站，可彌補捷運服務範圍不足之處；境內旅次前述三種佔比分別為46.2%、4.5%、44.7%，與捷運的互動關係不同於跨市旅次。(5) 主要跨市起迄對旅次的YouBike租用時間比Google預估所需時間平均高出11分鐘，可視為中停時間，有中停行為的比例為70%；境內旅次平均中停時間僅為2分鐘，有中停行為的比例為51%。(6) 因中停行為延長租賃時間，YouBike公司可因此額外獲利，跨市旅次之中停行為可帶來每月逾6萬元的租賃收入；若中停旅次涉及零售消費行為，假設情境下之跨市旅次可創造出每月4.4萬元至22.1萬元之零售經濟效益。(7) 跨市旅次平日平均距離為3.0公里，假日為7.3公里，兩者相差明顯；境內旅次平日平均距離為1.0公里，假日為1.1公里。(8) 跨市旅次平日平均上、下坡高差累積量值為9.2公尺、8.1公尺，假日為20.2公尺、16.5公尺；境內旅次平日平均上、下坡高差累積值為1.4公尺，假日時則為1.8公尺。整體而言，YouBike跨市旅次與境內旅次特性有明顯不同。依據分析結果，本研究建議在跨市旅次量較高的橋樑，可考慮增設自行車專用道，包括南港區、內湖區往返汐止區的力行橋、南港橋與華城橋，文山區往返新店區的景美溪橋與景美橋。即將引入的電輔車可配置於累積上、下坡高差大且旅次量較高的站點，以淡水河濱自行車道沿線為主，例如北投區的關渡宮、捷運關渡站、關渡自然公園、捷運石牌站，大同區的大稻埕碼頭、捷運北門站（3號出口）、永樂市場、捷運圓山站（1號出口），松山區的饒河疏散門（基四號疏散門），中山區的捷運劍南路站（2號出口）。本研究之貢獻在於釐清過往常被忽略的跨市公共自行車旅次特性，除了旅次時間、距離、費用高於境內旅次外，跨市與境內旅次均普遍有中停行為，可達成多元旅次目的，具備捷運或公車所沒有的便利性。此外，跨市旅次往往涉及較大的坡度變化，可成為電輔車的高潛力應用場域。

關鍵字

公共自行車；跨市旅次；旅次時空特性

並列摘要

Abstract: Previous studies on public bicycles have primarily focused on single administrative regions, lacking an understanding of the characteristics of cross-city trips. The volume of trips between Taipei and New Taipei is substantial. Both cities actively promote public bicycles and continuously improve bicycle corridors, making them a potential option for cross-city public transportation. In light of this, this study focuses on cross-city YouBike trips between Taipei and New Taipei. It compares them with intra-city YouBike trips within Taipei to grasp the similarities and differences between these two types of trips. Statistical methods are used to analyze 82,914 cross-city trips and 3,698,359 intra-city trips in March 2023, exploring rental duration, time distribution, cost, distribution areas of cross-city trips, and the relationship between trip endpoints and MRT stations. Furthermore, the top 200 cross-city trip pairs are selected to extract the suggested travel time from Google Maps for each pair and compare it with the actual YouBike rental time to understand the stopover behavior and efficiency of YouBike trips. The recommended route distance and accumulated elevation differences for each pair are also obtained from Google Maps, serving as a basis for allocating electric-assisted bicycles in Taipei and New Taipei. The study results show that (1) Most cross-city trips last 30-60 minutes, with an average rental time of 37.5 minutes on weekdays and 60.6 minutes on weekends. Intra-city trips are mainly under 30 minutes, with an average of 14.8 minutes on weekdays and 20.1 minutes on weekends; (2) Cross-city trips on weekdays mainly occur between 7:00-8:00 and 17:00-18:00, but between 14:00-16:00 on weekends. Intra-city trips on weekdays are distributed between 8:00-9:00, 12:00-13:00, and 17:00-19:00, while they are concentrated between 9:00-17:00 on weekends; (3) The average cost for cross-city trips is 9.6 NT dollars on weekdays and 16.6 NT dollars on weekends. For intra-city trips, the average cost is 4.4 NT dollars on weekdays and 5.9 NT dollars on weekends; (4) On weekdays, 36.6% of cross-city trips have one endpoint near an MRT station, indicating a connection function. 5.2% have both endpoints near MRT stations, suggesting competition with the MRT. A significant 58.3% have endpoints not near MRT stations, filling gaps in MRT service coverage. For intra-city trips, these proportions are 46.2%, 4.5%, and 44.7%, respectively, showing a different interaction with the MRT compared to cross-city trips; (5) The average YouBike rental time for major cross-city trip pairs exceeds Google's estimated travel time by 11 minutes, indicating stopover behavior, with 70% of cross-city trips involving stops. For intra-city trips, the average stopover time is only 2 minutes, with 51% involving stops; (6) Stopover behavior increases rental time, generating additional revenue for YouBike. Cross-city stopover behavior can bring in over 60,000 NT dollars in monthly rental income. If stopover trips involve retail consumption, they can create a monthly retail economic benefit of 44,000 to 221,000 NT dollars; (7)The average cross-city trip distance is 3.0 km on weekdays and 7.3 km on weekends, showing a significant difference. For intra-city trips, the average distance is 1.0 km on weekdays and 1.1 km on weekends; (8)The average cumulative elevation gain and loss for cross-city trips is 9.2 meters and 8.1 meters on weekdays, and 20.2 meters and 16.5 meters on weekends. For intra-city trips, the average cumulative elevation gain and loss is 1.4 meters on weekdays and 1.8 meters on weekends. Based on these findings, the study suggests adding dedicated bicycle lanes on bridges with high cross-city trip volumes, such as Lixing Bridge, Nangang Bridge, and Huacheng Bridge between Nangang, Neihu, and Xizhi, and Jingmei River Bridge and Jingmei Bridge between Wenshan and Xindian. Electric-assisted bicycles should be allocated to stations with high elevation differences and trip volumes, primarily along the Tamsui Riverside Bikeway, including Guandu Temple, MRT Guandu Station, Guandu Nature Park, MRT Shipai Station, Dadaocheng Wharf, MRT Beimen Station (Exit 3), Yongle Market, MRT Yuanshan Station (Exit 1), Raohe Evacuation Gate (Ji 4th Evacuation Gate), and MRT Jiannan Road Station (Exit 2) in Beitou, Datong, Songshan, and Zhongshan districts. This study clarifies the often-overlooked characteristics of cross-city public bicycle trips. Cross-city and intra-city trips commonly exhibit stopover behavior, achieving multiple trip purposes and offering convenience not provided by MRT or buses. Cross-city trips often involve significant elevation changes, making them high-potential applications for electric-assisted bicycles.