- 學位論文
台灣對外籍移工政策之研究:緣起、演進、影響
Taiwan’s Policy on Migrant Workers: Origin, Evolution, Impact
摘要
本論文探討台灣對外籍移工政策，首先探討台灣引進外籍移工的緣起、分析台灣對外籍移工政策的演變，並注重於新南向政策，還有了解引進移工對台灣的影響，了解當前的挑戰和不足，並給予未來的對策。 70年代台灣經濟快速發展，出生率下降和人口老化、台灣國民收入增加，教育水平如今提高等等因素，勞動力市場環境迅速改變。台灣人不再願意從事「3D」工作，如「髒」、「危險」、「難」的工作，導致勞動力短缺。1992年公布施行「就業服務法」之後，台灣對外籍移工政策發生幾次變化，包括外籍移工的工作居留年限、換雇主、薪水、重出入境。這些變化在疫情期間，台灣對引進外籍移工面臨著挑戰，如暫停引進部分國家的移工，直到2021年底之後又再度有條件開放外籍移工入境，他們面臨嚴格的邊境管制和檢疫。 2016年開始施行新南向政策，新南向政策的目標為加強與東南亞國家的聯繫，因此本論文將討論引進外籍移工是作為勞動力的補充或者外交政策一部分。引進外籍移工對台灣的經濟和社會方面帶來優勢和劣勢影響，外籍移工政策提高了國家的生產力，但由於語言障礙、文化差異等等，對社會產生影響。
並列摘要
This thesis examines Taiwan’s policy towards migrant workers, their origin, evolution, and impact. Analyze the origin of how migrant workers labor begin in Taiwan, analyze the evolution of Taiwan’s policy to migrant workers, focusing on after the New Southbound Policy, and to understand the impact of importing migrant workers, the current challenges and shortcomings, and to give countermeasures for the future. Taiwan’s rapid economic growth in the 1970s led to labor shortages in construction, and manufacturing, and caregiving. To address these shortages and rising labor costs, Taiwan began allowing migrant workers in 1989. In 1992, the government implemented “Employment Service Act” to manage migrant workers while protecting Taiwanese domestic labor’s jobs. In the coming years, the “Employment Service Act” keep on evolving, such as in the evolution of length of stay of migrant workers in Taiwan, changing employers, minimum wages, and leaving and re entering Taiwan. During the Covid 19, Taiwan’s migrant workers policy faced challenges, some countries faced travel bans, migrant workers coming to Taiwan, they need to face strict border controls and quarantines. In 2016, the New Southbound Policy Agenda was implemented, it aims to strengthen ties with Southeast Asian countries. The thesis will discuss whether migrant workers are as complimentary or as a part of foreign policy. The introduction of migrant workers brought positive and negative impacts on the economic and social order of Taiwan. While it brings productivity to the country, however it may also brings some thread to the society.