- 學位論文
不同除污方法對外科手術口罩再利用有效性評估
Effectiveness of reuse of surgical masks by different decontamination methods.
摘要
外科手術口罩(surgical mask)在流行性傳染病防護工作中扮演著重要的角色。在COVID-19疫情爆發之際，口罩供不應求，但國際上多數研究都以N95口罩作為研究對象，很少用外科手術口罩進行再利用之實驗，因此，外科手術口罩是否適宜重複除污處理，這是政府、各醫療單位及民眾極為關心的議題之一。 本研究以外科手術口罩作為研究對象，透過生活中易取得之家用設備，進行外科手術口罩除污實驗，探討外科手術口罩過濾層之過濾效能變化，並以過濾層的靜電變化、阻抗、貫穿率、及過濾品質作為主要探討影響過濾效能的指標。本研究將外科手術口罩分別採用4種物理性(電鍋乾蒸、微波、高壓滅菌、紫外線)及3種化學性(酒精、肥皂水、漂白水)方法去汙處理，並用自來水作為對照組。將每種除污方式分別執行六次，於每次除污後針對過濾層之靜電電壓、電荷量、阻抗、貫穿率及過濾效率進行檢測，且計算比較過濾品質及電容量。 實驗結果顯示，在外科手術口罩除污前後之阻抗變化部分：漂白水法(p <0.001)、酒精法(p <0.001)有顯著差異；貫穿率部分：漂白水法(p <0.001)、酒精法(p <0.001)、高壓滅菌法(p <0.001)最為顯著；過濾效率部分：以漂白水法(p <0.001)為最高，酒精法(p = 0.013)次之；靜電電壓部分：所有除污變項均達統計顯著(p <0.001)；電荷方面：漂白水法(p <0.001)、肥皂水法(p <0.001)、酒精法(p <0.001)、高壓滅菌法(p = 0.005)均有顯著差異；過濾品質及電容經計算統計後，各除污變項則無顯著變化。綜合比較實驗結果，以漂白水法除污影響最大，且發現電鍋乾蒸、微波法(乾熱)，雖有少部分影響外科手術口罩貫穿率及靜電電壓變化，但除污後，其阻抗、靜電電荷影響較小，且過濾效率、過濾品質及口罩上的電容量亦可維持其效能，仍可提供接近原來的防護能力，因此，建議若外科手術口罩有必要施行重複性除污處理時，可優先考量整合除污效果較佳、影響過濾效果較少的電鍋乾蒸法、微波法這兩種除污處理方式。
並列摘要
Surgical mask plays an important role in protection workings during epidemic. At the time of the outbreak of COVID-19, the supply of masks exceeds demand; however, most studies have used N95 masks as the research object while surgical masks are rarely studied for reuse experiments. Therefore, whether surgical masks are suitable for repeated decontamination treatment became one of the greatest concerns to the governments, medical units, and the public. In this study, surgical masks were used as the research object. The decontamination experiments of surgical masks were carried out through using reachable equipment from daily lives, and was discussed the changes in filtration efficiency of the surgical masks by targeting the charge differences, pressure drop, particle penetration and filter quality as main indicators to the filtration efficiency. In this study, surgical masks were decontaminated by 4 physical methods (electric rice cooker, microwave, autoclave, UV-GI) and 3 chemical methods (alcohol, soap water, bleach), and tap water was used as the control group. Each decontamination method had separately been conducted six times. After each decontamination, the filter quality, capacitance, electrostatic voltage, charge amount, pressure drop, particle penetration, and filtration efficiency of the masks were compared. The experimental results showed that the pressure drop in bleach (p <0.001) and alcohol (p <0.001) had statistically significant. The penetration show bleach (p <0.001), alcohol (p <0.001),and autoclaving (p <0.001) also had statistically significant. The statistically significant of filtration efficiency are bleach (p <0.001) , alcohol (p = 0.013). The electrostatic voltage showed all decontamination variables had statistically significant (p <0.001). The electric charge showed the bleach (p <0.001), soap water (p <0.001) and alcohol (p <0.001) had the most statistically agreement, followed by autoclaving (p = 0.005). There was no significant change in the decontamination variables of the filter quality and capacitance. Comprehensively, bleach had the greatest impact on decontamination. It was found that regarding methods of using electric rice cooker (dry steaming) and microwave (dry heat) after decontamination, although there were minor effects on penetration and electrostatic voltage of surgical masks, the pressure drop and the electrostatic had fewer contribution, but the filtration efficiency, filter quality, and capacitance on the masks could still maintain the performance and provide adequate protection. Therefore, it is recommended to give priority to the two decontamination treatment methods, dry steaming of the electric rice cooker and the microwave, which have better decontamination effectiveness and less influence on the filtering effectiveness, if it is necessary to conduct repetitive decontamination treatments.