- 學位論文
營造業勞工職業災害發生變項分析及建議改善策略-以某民營營造公司為例
Analysis of Occupational Disasters in the Construction Industry Workers and Suggested Improvement Strategies - Example of Private Construction Company
摘要
全球建築業在過去十年中呈現出驚人的增長，包括施工、改建和維修等工程，相對的營造業職業災害發生機率高且造成的傷亡嚴重程度也遠高於一般產業；本研究探討某民營營造公司2012~2021年間之職業災害案例之相關變項因素，共收集210件職災案例報告，並從中擷取重要的相關變項因素，包括性別、年齡、年資、作業類別、災害類型、災害媒介物、發生時間、作業環境等參數，透過描述性統計、卡方檢定及Cramer＇s V係數分析方法，探討發生職災之可能原因及變項之間關聯性。 研究結果顯示，作業類別中以室內裝修與帷幕發生「墜落/滾落」之災害比例最高皆佔66.7%，其次為模板56.6%；而在傷害來源發生比例最高的部份則是以開口94.1%；在作業環境中「高架作業」上，以使用梯子（合梯、移動梯）造成傷害來源的比例最高78.6%，其次為施工架54.3％。在個人防護具的使用上，施工工項在高架、樓板組立及自行搭建施工小架的工作平台之中「安全帶未配戴」上，以發生墜落/滾落的比例最高91.1%。 因此可知職業災害高風險因子為「從事高架、臨邊開口及施工架作業時於開口、施工架上或使用合梯，勞工未配戴或未勾掛安全帶易造成墜落、滾落」，建議應從作業環境改善及落實現場高架作業管理、執行及教育訓練等三方面著手，以降低職業災害事故。
並列摘要
The global construction industry has shown an amazing growth in the past decade, including construction, reconstruction and maintenance projects. Compared with the construction industry, the construction industry has a high probability of occupational disasters and the severity of casualties is much higher than that of general industries; This study explores the related variable factors of occupational disaster cases in a private construction company from 2012 to 2021. A total of 210 occupational disaster case reports were collected, and important related variable factors were extracted from them, including gender, age, seniority, operation type, disaster type, disaster media, occurrence time, operation environment and other parameters. Through descriptive statistics, chi square test and Cramer's V coefficient analysis methods, To explore the possible causes of occupational disaster and the correlation between variables. The results showed that the highest proportion of "falling / falling" disasters occurred in interior decoration and curtain, accounting for 66.7%, followed by formwork, accounting for 56.6%; The highest proportion of injury sources was 94.1%; In the "elevated operation" in the working environment, the highest proportion of injury sources caused by the use of ladders (combined ladders and mobile ladders) was 78.6%, followed by 54.3% of construction frames. In terms of the use of personal protective equipment, 91.1% of the construction work items fell / rolled down on the "safety belt not worn" among the working platforms of overhead, floor assembly and self built construction racks. Therefore, it can be seen that the high-risk factor of occupational disasters is "when engaging in overhead, edge opening and construction frame operations, it is easy to fall and roll off when working on the opening, construction frame or using combined ladders, and the workers are not wearing or hanging safety belts". It is suggested that the improvement of the working environment and the implementation of on-site overhead operation management, implementation and education and training should be carried out to reduce occupational disaster accidents.