- 學位論文
短期N-back工作記憶訓練和轉移效果──以大學生為例
Transfer effects of intense N-back working memory training - an example of college student
摘要
過去研究發現，健康成人進行N-back派典的工作記憶訓練後，能提升訓練作業本身的表現，亦能使其訓練成效近程轉移至執行功能（如，轉換、更新與抑制）和遠程轉移至流體推理能力。然而，欲達到訓練成效和轉移效果需較長的訓練周期和時數，以致參與者退出率高且對於臨床場域的適用性較低。因此，本研究採用短時間且密集的訓練量（一周5次，每次訓練時間15分鐘），並使用隨機雙盲分派法，以檢視N-back工作記憶訓練成效、近程和遠程轉移效果。 本研究招募54位大學生，並將參與者雙盲隨機分派至訓練組和主動控制組，進行短時間且密集的N-back視空間工作記憶訓練。於N-back訓練內容，訓練組進行適性化的訓練模式，其作業難度會依作答表現隨之提升或下降，而主動控制組則持續操作低難度的訓練模式。於實驗流程，每位參與者均經歷轉移效果的訓練前、訓練後和一個月後追蹤等評估，亦收集個別差異變項以控制和了解其對於轉移效果的影響。 研究結果，顯示訓練組經由短時間且密集的N-back視空間工作記憶訓練後，具顯著訓練成效，但和主動控制組相比則未顯示組間轉移效果測驗的差異。於個別差異變項，支持訓練前較低的先備認知能力(即流體推理指數)能預測參與者可從認知訓練中獲得較高的獲益。
並列摘要
Previous findings indicate that visual spatial N-back working training paradigm show promising training gain in healthy adult, and furthermore, the benefit of training gain can not only near transfers to executive function (e.g shifting, updating and inhibition), but also far transfers to fluid reasoning. However, previous study indicate that significant training gain and transfer effect can only achieved by larger training dosage, causing high participant withdraw rate and difficulty applied to clinical field. Therefore, the aim of current study is to investigate the efficiency of intense N-back training dosage (e.g 5 session per week, 15 minute per session) and transfer effect, through randomized double blind trail. We recruit 54 college students as participant and randomly assigned them into training group or active control group to completed 5 session of visual spatial N-back working memory training. During training session, the training group trained with adaptive program, which adjust the level of difficulty based on performance of the participant, while the active control group trained with fixed and low level of difficulty. All the participants underwent transfer tasks assessment before, after and one month after training to evaluate the transfer effect of N-back working memory training. Furthermore, we also include individual differences as control variable and evaluate whether it can regulate the transfer effect or not. Results：Current study find the training group show significant training gain after 5 sessions of N-back working memory training, but failed to find significant transfer tasks score differ compared to the active training group. In line with previous findings, current study support low preexisting ability (e.g fluid reasoning) can predict the participant gain more benefits from cognitive training.