- 學位論文
蹲/跪姿作業之人因工程介入研究
The study of ergonomic intervention for squatting/kneeling tasks.
摘要
蹲/跪姿勢是許多工作常需要使用到的姿勢之一，此種姿勢經過長時間持續使用，會導致許多關節危害因子增加，甚至對於肌肉骨骼也有很大的傷害。該如何減輕此種作業姿勢所產生的不良因子，是本研究的研究目的。 國外某些國家已經將膝關節骨關節炎列入職業疾病中，並有研究表示研究膝蓋受傷比例相當高，且因受傷而付出的直接成本有越來越高的趨勢，而國內流行病學亦顯示蹲/跪姿勢是導致下肢與膝蓋不適的主要職業性動作，但目前尚未納入職業病中。 本研究在實驗室模擬蹲/跪姿作業之生理負荷，並以人因工程介入方式評估是否能有效降低蹲/跪姿作業之危害風險。 研究結果顯示，蹲姿作業，在下肢運動後，生理負荷有顯著舒緩的情形，且腿圍變化與Borg量表有顯著相關。跪姿作業在作業型態無明顯差異，但作業姿勢對於Borg量表有顯著差異情形，作業型態和護具對於左小腿腿圍變化有顯著差異，作業型態和作業姿勢對於大腿兩側股外側肌有顯著差異。以蹲姿勢作業之心率變化較兩種跪姿作業還要來的大，腿圍變化在三種蹲/跪姿勢下則無明顯差異。肌肉負荷對於作業型態的不同有所差異，且在15分鐘之實驗作業，肌肉負荷達到15 MVC%以上，容易導致職業上肌肉骨骼傷害，NMQ問卷中對於蹲/跪姿勢在下肢部分有較明顯的痠痛情形。建議不管以油漆作業或是地磚作業時以雙腿跪姿進行作業對腿部肌肉負荷較小，且使用跪姿勢以穿戴護具可降低主觀施力知覺程度，以降低膝蓋負荷。
並列摘要
In many industries, workers are required to squat and kneel for extended periods of time. The occupational musculoskeletal disorders may result from prolonged squatting and kneeling. In consideration of prolonged squatting and kneeling associated with serious problem on musculoskeletal disorders, This study aims to reduce musculoskeletal fatigue and injuries by the ergonomic intervention. The knee osteoarthritis is listed in occupational diseases in many countries, and some studies showed that a high proportion of a knee injury, and more and more increasing direct costs for these injuries. On the other hand, domestic epidemiology also shows that the squatting/ kneeling posture is the main occupational action on the causes of lower extremity and knee discomfort, but it is not yet included in the occupational. This study will simulate and assess the effects of the ergonomic interventions on physiological workloads and musculoskeletal disorders of workers during squatting/kneeling task on the laboratory The results showed that significant relief for physiological load among squatting work after lower limb movement, and leg circumference changed is significantly correlated with Borg-RPE scale. Kneeling work is no significant differences in the working patterns, but working posture differs significantly for Borg-RPE scale. There are significant differences in working patterns and aided pad for the left leg circumference changed, and working patterns and working posture are significant differences for both sides of the thigh lateralis muscles. On the other hand, there are significant differences between squatting and kneeling for heart rate measurement, but no significant differences in three squatting/kneeling postures for leg circumference changed. Working posture differs significantly in muscular loading, and reached to over 15% MVC for 15 minutes experimental work, it could be easily caused to occupational musculoskeletal injuries. There are also visible discomforts in lower extremities via NMQ questionnaire during squatting/kneeling. This study suggested that workers should use both legs kneeling and wearing aided pad to perform painting or tile works to reduce the knee loading.