某面板廠自動導引車(AGV)之安全性評估

近年智能化工廠引入自動導引車(AGV)替代人員搬運作業，除減少人力成本外也降低人員重覆性搬運造成的身體傷害，但因人車共享作業空間，具有人車碰撞及物料倒塌之風險，此研究以某面板廠使用之AGV為分析案例，運用風險矩陣法檢核出14項AGV自動搬運作業危害，其中無高度風險項目，有5項中度風險項目，其危害為人員遭AGV撞傷、化學品傾倒洩漏、電池火災等，須以工程改善或行政管理措施降低發生可能性或減輕嚴重度，以控制作業危害風險，並運用失誤樹分析法(FTA)進行人員遭AGV撞傷及電池火災兩件中度風險項目進行失效模式探討，並計算失效率分別為5.1x10-4次/小時及4x10-5次/小時，經過兩種風險分析手法結果顯示AGV作業屬低危害風險。因國內尚無AGV相關法規及研究報告，以參考國外國際半導體設備暨材料協會(SEMI)、國際標準化組織(ISO)之安全標準檢核所設AGV安全符合性，結果有45項符合，6項不適用，5項不符合，不符合項目為未管制人員進入AGV作業區、未設置手動操作盒及未標示危檢路段及時段等，均已檢討配套管理措施以符合其安全性。本研究綜合風險評估分析之改善作法及國外安全標準檢核結果制定AGV安全規範，以利設備建置前能檢核其安全性及合法性，亦可供產業界參考，以降低職業災害。

關鍵字

自動導引車(AGV) ；風險矩陣法；失誤樹分析法(FTA)

並列摘要

The Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) has been widely used in the intelligent factories in recent years. Several advantages can be achieved for the AGV employed in manufacturing system, such as reduces the manufacturing cost and the physical injuries. However, the operators and AGVs would work at the same workspace, there are risks of colliding would be existed for the operator and AGV or the operator and moving goods. It is necessary to ensure the operators’ safety and AGV reliability for the AGV applied in the manufacturing system. Thus, this study analyzed the operator’s safety and the AGVs reliability for the they are applied in a TFT-LCD plant. First of all, there are fourteen AGV hazards is identified durning the AGV executing automated material handling process and the risk assessment matrix method is also conducted to analyze the risk level. No item is high level risk , 5 items are medium level risk and others are low level risk. The fault tree analysis (FTA) was further used to investigate the failure rates of operators colliding with the AGV and the reliability of battery safety. Accoring with the analytical result of the FTA, the failure rate was 5.1x10-4 and 4x10-5 approximately for colliding and battery safety respectively. These analytical results display the AGV applied to automated material handling process is a low risk. For increasing the soundness of AGV safety applied to manufacturing site, Since there are no relevant laws and research reports on AGV in our country, the safety specifications of semiconductor equipment and materials international (SEMI) and safety standards of international organization (ISO) are referred to examined the AGV safety regulations when the AGV is used in a TFT-LCD manufacturing plant. There are 5 items don’t meet the requirements of ISO and SEMI, and then the management practices are proposed to increase the AGV safety. This study show a low risk and the safety regulations are also proposed when the AGV was used in a TFT-LCD manufacturing plant. These analytical results imply the AGV could be safety used in a manufacturing plant under adequated mannagment measures.