辦公室人員久坐人因問題與伸展運動介入探討

職場上勞工常因重複性作業姿勢引起肌肉骨骼不適症狀甚而導致肌肉骨骼傷病發生及勞動者工作能力下降等問題，而辦公室人員因長期靜態姿勢及久坐，如又加上個人姿勢不良便隨著工作年資越來越久，更容易對頸、肩、背等部位產生肌肉疲勞、疼痛、甚至造成相關疾病。本研究旨在探討長期久坐的辦公室人員其肌肉骨骼不適與健康危害之改善，期望能藉由伸展運動的活動計畫措施介入，以瞭解伸展對肌肉骨骼問題的改善程度，其結果也可作為職場如何藉由推動健康促進活動以改善重複性作業等促發肌肉骨骼疾病（人因性）預防危害之方法。研究方法包含兩個部分：於某企業公司內部針對辦公室作業人員施以前測問卷調查及參與健康促進伸展運動之意願；健康促進方案之設計採人因介入方式，施以12週伸展運動，後續再施以後測問卷調查其改善成效。並透過團體比賽、影片教學、伸展運動海報、訓練各單位種子人員帶動等方式，提升辦公室作業人員參與度，並進行統計分析。參與成員共110人，回收106份有效問卷，有效回收率97.6%，結果顯示！辦公室作業人員每週平均工作天數是4.99天，每週平均工作時數是40.23小時，工作日內平均久坐時數為6.33小時；自覺式肌肉骨骼不適部位調查中，以頸、肩、下背為前三大肌肉骨骼不適之部位，推測可能與長期久坐之工作性質息息相關。經介入伸展運動健康促進計畫12週後，分析其肌肉骨骼不適部位之前測、後測問卷，發現頸部(P=0.006)、左肩部(P=0.002)、右肩部(P=0.009)、下背或腰部(P=0.001)，以上部位皆達統計上顯著差異；正常工作日時每人每週執行伸展運動：早上平均為3次，下午平均為2次，與一般職場人員相較更為頻繁。依據上述結論，建議相關職場可透過推動伸展運動健康促進計畫，讓勞工能以最便利的方式在工作場所執行伸展運動，達到職場預防重複性作業的危害。

關鍵字

久坐；職業性肌肉骨骼不適；人因伸展運動介入；職場健康促進

並列摘要

In the workplace, workers often suffer from musculoskeletal discomfort due to repetitive work postures, which can cause musculoskeletal injuries and reduce capacity of workers. Office workers due to prolonged static posture and sedentary position, as well as poor personal posture will be more likely to cause muscle fatigue, pain, and even related diseases in the neck, shoulders, back and other parts as their seniority grows longer. This study aims to investigate the improvements of musculoskeletal discomfort and health hazards among sedentary office workers. It is hoped that through the intervention of activity planning measures for interventional stretching exercises, we can understand the improvement and hazards for voluntary exercises on musculoskeletal problems. And the results can also be used as a way to improve the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders (anthropic factors) caused by the repetitive work in the workplace by promoting health promotion activities. The research method consists of two parts: a survey of office workers in a company and their willingness to participate in health promotion stretching exercises, the design of the health promotion plan adopts human factors intervention methods, with 12 weeks of stretching exercises, followed by Implement a post-test questionnaire to investigate its improvement effect. And through team competitions, video teaching, stretching posters, training of seed personnel from various units, etc., to enhance the participation of office workers, and carry out statistical analysis. There were 110 participating members and 106 valid questionnaires were collected. The effective response rate was 97.6% The result shows! The average number of working days per week of office workers is 4.99 days, the average number of working hours per week is 40.23 hours, and the average number of hours of sedentary work during the working day is 6.33 hours. In the voluntary musculoskeletal discomfort survey, neck, shoulders, and lower back are the top three musculoskeletal discomfort areas, which are probably related to the nature of long-term sedentary work. After the interventions of the stretching health promotion program, the musculoskeletal discomfort areas were analyzed in the pre-test and post-test questionnaires, and statistically significant differences were found in the neck (P=0.006), left shoulder (P=0.002), right shoulder (P=0.009), and lower back or lumbar region (P=0.001).On normal working days, each person performs stretching exercises every week: 3 times in the morning on average and 2 times in the afternoon on average, which is more frequent than that of ordinary workers. According to the results of this study, It is recommended that relevant workplaces can promote the stretching exercise health promotion programs, so that workers can perform stretching exercises in the workplace in the most convenient way to prevent the hazards of repetitive tasks in the workplace.