- 學位論文
豆渣蛋白水解物、多酚複方與高強度漸歇運動訓練對運動疲勞與肥胖疲勞之研究
Effects of okara protein hydrolysate, polyphenols formula, and high intensity interval training on exercise and obesity related fatigue
摘要
運動疲勞若不改善，會降低運動表現、工作能力，而肥胖之發炎因子，亦會導致慢性疲勞，進而降低生活品質與影響腸道菌群之組成。過去研究指出，機能性膳食補充劑和運動訓練對肥胖及疲勞之改善產生正向作用。因此，本研究將對機能性素材-豆渣蛋白水解物 (okara protein hydrolysate, OPH) 與多酚複方 (EGCG-quercetin-rutin formula, EQR formula)，進行抗疲勞機能產品之開發研究。研究分為四大部分：(一) 以C2C12肌管細胞探討不同酵素製成之OPH在抗疲勞潛力之評估與篩選、(二) OPH對雄性SD大鼠在延長游泳力竭時間與改善疲勞相關血液生化參數之影響、(三) 人體試食試驗評估OPH提升運動耐力與抗運動疲勞之作用，以及 (四) 多酚複方補充劑合併高強度漸歇運動訓練對高脂飲食誘導雄性Wistar大鼠肥胖症在抗肥胖、運動疲勞、改善肌肉功能與調節腸道菌相之研究。在前三部分，先以細胞平台篩選16種水解條件之OPH樣品，再以動物試驗評估其有效劑量，最終進行人體試食試驗驗證其功效性；第四部份則探討EQR複方在搭配運動訓練之下，是否具有更強烈之抗肥胖與抗疲勞之作用。研究結果顯示，由E/S = 2%之alcalase水解豆渣2 h所產生之OPH，能夠提升肌管細胞之粒線體功能。而成年男性每日補充11.74 g之OPH，維持4週，能夠提升運動力竭時間、降低乳酸堆積，以及提升胰島素敏感性。此外，高強度漸歇運動訓練或EQR複方介入5週 (102.78 mg/kg rat/day)，對於高脂飲食誘導之肥胖大鼠，皆具有抗肥胖 (降低最終體重、肝臟脂質與脂肪組織重量)、抗疲勞 (降低血氨堆積與肌酸激酶活性)、增加前肢握力強度，以及改善腸道菌群組成之效果，且在補充EQR複方之同時進行高強度漸歇運動訓練，則能強化其抗肥胖與抗疲勞之作用。由以上研究證實，機能性素材-OPH與EQR複方，皆能夠提升運動表現，並減少疲勞物質之堆積，具有作為抗運動疲勞之膳食補充劑潛力，且EQR複方之補充建議搭配運動訓練。
並列摘要
Exercise fatigue could reduce exercise performance, work and social abilities. Inflammatory factors produced by obesity could also lead to chronic fatigue, thereby reducing quality of life and affecting the composition of the gut microbiota. In recent years, studies have indicated that functional dietary supplements and exercise training have a positive effect on improving obesity and fatigue. Therefore, this study aims to develop functional anti-fatigue products using functional materials - okara protein hydrolysate (OPH) and a polyphenol formula (EGCG-quercetin-rutin formula, EQR formula). The research was divided into four parts: (1) Evaluation and selection of okara protein hydrolysates from different processing on anti-fatigue benefit in C2C12 myotube, (2) Effects of okara protein hydrolysate on the time of exhaustive swimming test and blood fatigue parameters in male Sprague-Dawley rats, (3) Effects of okara protein hydrolysate on endurance exercise performance and exercise fatigue in men, and (4) Effect of polyphenol formula combined high intensity interval training on anti-obesity, exercise fatigue, muscle function, and gut microbiota regulation in high-fat diet-induced obese male Wistar rats. In the first three parts, 16 OPH samples with different hydrolysis conditions were screened in vitro, and the effective dose was evaluated through animal experiment. Consecutively, a human trial was performed to explore the anti-fatige efficacy of OPH. The fourth part investigated whether the EQR formula had a stronger anti-obesity and anti-exercise fatigue effect when combined with exercise training. The research results showed that okara hydrolyzed with alcalase at E/S = 2% for 2 h could enhance mitochondria function in myotube cells. Supplementation with 11.74 g of OPH in adult males for 4 weeks could prolong the time of exhaustive exercise, reduce the accumulation of lactate, and improve the insulin sensitivity. In addition, intervention with high intensity interval training (HIIT) or the EQR formula (102.78 mg/kg rat) for 5 weeks had anti-obesity (lowed body weight, liver lipid, and adipose tissues weight), anti-fatigue (lowered ammonia content and creatine kinase activity), exercise performance improvement, and gut microbiota composition regulation effects on obese rats induced by a high-fat diet. Supplementation of the EQR formula combined with HIIT enhanced the efficiency of anti-obesity and anti-fatigue effects. The above research confirmed that the functional materials, OPH and the EQR formula, could enhance exercise endurance and reduce the accumulation of fatigue substances, which had the potential to be used as dietary supplements for anti-exercise fatigue, and the supplementation of EQR formula was recommended to be combined with exercise training.