- 學位論文
2022年台灣COVID-19疫情大爆發前後鄉村長者對於新冠疫苗接種的原因之比較：質性訪談
Differences in Reasons for COVID-19 Vaccination among Rural Elderly in Taiwan Pre and Post the 2022 Outbreak: A Qualitative Study
摘要
研究背景與目的： 疫苗是遏止COVID-19疫情流行之重要措施，長者是COVUD-19的高危險族群，也是疫苗優先接種之主要對象，截至2023年4月底，台灣老年人群的完整三劑接種率已達75%。台灣地區在COVID-19全球大流行的早期，疫情控制得當，卻在2022年爆發大流行，在大流行前後，疫苗接種服務持續提供。為了解疫情大爆發前後，長者自述疫苗接種原因之差異，本研究透過質性訪談，針對某鄉村地區之長者，比較長者於疫情大爆發前後所陳述之COVID-19疫苗接種原因的異同。 研究方法： 透過中部某鄉村型衛生所協助邀約社區長者，於衛生所進行深度訪談，共完成54位長者各二次訪談，訪談主題包括：COVID-19疫苗接種現況、以及接種或不接種的原因。第一次訪談於2022年1月19日至3月17日以面訪方式進行，第二次於2022年10月2日至10月25日以電訪方式進行。訪談內容轉為逐字稿，以主軸分析進行資料分析。 研究結果： 長者自述之COVID-19疫苗接種原因，不論大流行前後均可大分為心理(如：恐懼死亡)、生理(如：增加抵抗力)和社會(如：職場需求)三面向。從未接種的原因主要是擔心因接種疫苗而死亡、未繼續接種的原因則包括：擔心不良反應、身體狀況不佳和接種時間間隔未到。整體而言，疫情大爆發前的自述疫苗接種原因的訊息較豐富。 研究結論＆建議： 由長者自述之COVID-19疫苗接種/未接種原因在2022年COVID-19大流行前後大同小異，大流行前未接種者皆未因為大流行而去接種疫苗，研究結果可作為未來推動疫苗接種之參考。
並列摘要
Research Background and Objectives： Vaccination is a crucial measure to curb the spread of COVID-19, and the elderly, being a high-risk group, are a primary target for vaccination. As of the end of April 2023, the complete three-dose vaccination rate among the elderly in Taiwan has reached 75%. Taiwan managed to control the pandemic effectively in the early stages of the global outbreak of COVID-19, but experienced a significant outbreak in 2022, during which vaccination services continued to be provided. To understand the differences in the reasons for vaccination among the elderly before and after the major outbreak, this study uses qualitative interviews to compare the reasons given by the elderly for receiving the COVID-19 vaccine before and after the major outbreak in a rural area. Methods： Through the assistance of a rural health center in central Taiwan, we conducted in-depth interviews with community elders at the health center. A total of 54 elders were interviewed twice, with the main topics including: the current situation of COVID-19 vaccination, and the reasons for vaccination or non-vaccination. The first round of interviews was conducted face-to-face from January 19 to March 17, 2022, and the second round was conducted by phone from October 2 to October 25, 2022. The content of the interviews was transcribed verbatim and analyzed using axial coding. Results： The reasons for COVID-19 vaccination as reported by the elderly can be broadly divided into psychological (such as fear of death), physiological (such as increasing resistance), and social (such as workplace requirements) aspects, regardless of before or after the pandemic. The main reason for not getting vaccinated is the fear of death due to vaccination, while reasons for not continuing vaccination include concerns about adverse reactions, poor physical condition, and not yet reaching the interval for vaccination. Overall, the reasons for vaccination reported before the outbreak of the pandemic were more diverse. Research Conclusions Recommendations： The reasons for the elderly to get/not get the COVID-19 vaccine, as self-reported, were largely consistent before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in 2022. Those who did not get vaccinated before the outbreak did not choose to get vaccinated because of the outbreak. The results of this study can serve as a reference for promoting vaccination in the future.