本文研究以總統權力、國會政黨體系與府會關係,來分析俄羅斯的總統權力及其政府體制類型。藉由評量俄羅斯總統權力與他國總統權力比較的方式,瞭解俄羅斯總統權力的範圍,及其所產生的影響。 本文重新檢視俄羅斯政府體制是否符合半總統制的定義,探討在俄羅斯政治發展過程中,總統權力的範圍會是否受到府會一致與否(府會一致或不一致)、國會內政黨分佈型態(聯盟或單一政黨組成)與國會多數的席次多寡(過半或三分之二過半)的影響。 本文研究發現,俄羅斯現行的政府體制實際運作模式為總統制,但俄羅斯政府體制仍有向半總統制傾斜的可能性,而這種可能必須具備兩個要件:一、憲法修改;二、慣例的建立,總統尊重國會多數,放棄組閣的權力。
This article re-examining whether the Russian system of government meets the definition of a semi-presidential system, and pays much attention to the analyzing structure and avoids the judgment for system and non-system factors as well as the frameworks designed for systematic research. The system is not the only way that affects people’s behavior models. If we accept all explananda of non-system factors and have the system and non-system factors constructed in a same framework, an even more precise description about the scope and variation of President’s power on Russia will then be achieved.